Scientists discover new AIDS treatments

December 26, 2016 Source: Bio Valley

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A study from animals showed that temporarily blocking a protein called type I interferon can restore immune function and accelerate viral suppression in patients with AIDS caused by chronically infected viruses when using antiviral drugs.

Type I interferon can drive the body's immune destruction during HIV infection, and this is the first study, Scott Kitchen said. Scott Kitchen Associate Professor of Blood/Oncology.

"This discovery is completely contrary to common sense, because many people believe that the more interferon, the better," Kitchen said. "Research shows that such interferons have a negative impact on the body's resistance to diseases such as HIV, other types of infections or cancer in the chronic phase of HIV infection, and may actually accelerate the deterioration of AIDS."

After the HIV virus enters the human body, the immune system is destroyed by eroding CD4 cells. CD4 cells are activated by type I interferons in the early stages of HIV infection. CD4 cells are constantly resistant to HIV, and HIV mutates to destroy VD4 cells, eventually leading to the loss of CD4 cells. As the loss of CD4 T cells eventually leads to destruction of the immune system.

The researchers' idea was to block type I interferons, thereby reducing the chronic activation of immune cells and allowing CD8 T cells to restore immune function. Combined with antiretroviral treatment, it may restore the body's immune function and eradicate HIV at the same time. The researchers used a mouse model in which the immune system was replaced by human immune system cells, thymus tissue, and bone marrow. They restored the immune system of mice by blocking HIV-infected mouse type I interferons. This allows the mouse's immune system to produce large numbers of CD8 T cells and attack and kill HIV-infected cells. When combined with antiretroviral therapy, the therapy enhances the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy to inhibit HIV.

According to Kitchen, these findings only prove that the corresponding therapeutic effects can be produced in the body of mice. Before conducting clinical research in humans, more experiments should be carried out on primates to determine the safety of the therapy.

But the findings provide a new perspective for the treatment of type I interferons during chronic HIV infection, said Anjie Zhen, AIDS Research Institute at UCLA.

Zhen said: "This may have a profound impact on the development of treatments including interferon alpha therapy."

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