First, nutrients 1, carbon nutrients. Carbon nutrients constitute the main components of mycelia and fruit bodies, and they are also the source of energy for their growth and development. The carbonaceous material accounts for about 50-65% of the specific gravity (dry matter) of the mushroom body. Culture medium such as cottonseed husks and sawdust is the main source of carbon. 2, nitrogen nutrients. Nitrogen nutrients are the main raw materials for proteins and nucleic acids. It is also the main component of mycelium and fruit body, and it is also the material basis for the delicious taste of edible mushrooms. In particular, there are abundant amino acids (up to 18 species) in edible fungi, and no nitrogen can not be formed. The normal development of edible fungi requires not only adequate carbon and nitrogen nutrients, but also a reasonable ratio of carbon to nitrogen. This proportion of edible fungus material, mycelium growth stage to 20:1, fruiting body development stage 30-40:1 is appropriate. Due to different types of culture materials in production, sometimes wheat bran, corn flour, bean cake powder, ammonium nitrate, urea, etc. are added to adjust the ratio of carbon to nitrogen. In the cultivation process, all kinds of mushrooms should be used according to the original formula, do not arbitrarily change, otherwise it is difficult to obtain high quality and high yield. 3, mineral elements. The normal growth of edible fungi also requires calcium, magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and other mineral elements and trace elements. Although these substances need not much, they are all very important. The content in the main ingredient can meet the needs. Second, moisture and humidity The water in the medium is the main source of water needed for the growth of edible fungi, and the suitable water content is 65%-75%. With materials, enough water is used to hold the water in the fingers and the water does not drip. Take cottonseed hull as an example, the weight ratio of material to water is approximately 1:1.2-1.5, and adding too much retards mycelial growth. Humidity refers to the relative humidity of the air, and the relative humidity of the air is 85%-93% (fruiting body growth period). During the cultivation, water was added by spraying. Increasing the relative humidity of the air is a necessary measure. Sometimes, especially in the later stages of growth and development, it is also necessary to inject water into the medium or soak the medium, which can increase the yield accordingly. Third, the temperature The suitable temperature for the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hericium erinaceus, Auricularia auricula, Tremella fuciformis, and Agaricus bisporus mycelia is approximately 25°C (agar 30°C), and the optimum temperature for fruit body development is generally around 15°C (25°C in fungus). The straw mushroom was warm and the mycelium developed well at about 35°C, and the fruit body developed well at 30-32°C. With the advancement of science and technology, improvement of edible mushroom species is now underway, and changing its temperature characteristics is one of the main goals. For example, Pleurotus ostreatus and shiitake mushrooms have been cultivated as normal fruiting cultivars under low, medium or high temperature conditions. According to this, they can be classified into low-temperature type, medium-temperature type and high-temperature type, and even the temperature limits are not strict. The wide temperature type. Therefore, the corresponding varieties can be selected according to the temperature conditions during the cultivation period to extend and prolong the cultivation period. IV. Oxygen and carbon dioxide In the course of cultivation, if a variety of edible fungi are lack of oxygen, the growth of mycelia is poor, and the fruit body is also not good. Because the edible fungus itself emits carbon dioxide during the growth and development process, the ventilation and ventilation of the cultivation place should be paid attention to. V. Lighting Edible fungus does not require strong light, and mycelium can grow in dark conditions. The fruiting body needs a certain amount of scattered light to differentiate and grow, but avoid direct light. Complete darkness, poor fruit body development, slow growth. Light can increase its color, no light color. Illumination is also related to temperature. Northern cultivation of edible mushrooms requires sunlight to warm up, but care must be taken to prevent overheating. The sunlight is too strong and shades are often covered with straw curtains. Sixth, pH (pH) Edible fungi more acidic environment, generally requires a pH value of not more than 7.0 (neutral), about between 5.5-6.5, but Pleurotus more alkali-resistant, slightly alkaline can also grow. During the cultivation process, suitable acid substances such as sugar are added, and the high-temperature sterilization process also makes the medium acidic. In addition, attention should be paid to the local water quality and its pH. In the ingredients should pay attention to create a suitable pH, some add lime or add ammonium nitrate, one to increase calcium, nitrogen, and the other can adjust the pH of the culture material. In order to prevent the culture material from being too acid or alkali, adding a certain amount of gypsum can play a buffering role. 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