Conflux + I&E Flux + I&M Flux = Complete solution for simultaneous detection of intracellular and extracellular ions/molecules Figure 1 above: Illumination reduces H+ outflow, K+ changes from inflow to outflow; after prolonged illumination, H+ returns to its original level, and K+ absorption becomes stronger. Positive value is inflow and negative value is outflow Ion absorption in the root is the most important step in maintaining the nutritional balance of the plant cells. The nutrient absorption in the mature area is controlled by the stem and root tip system. This process is regulated by electrical signals, pressure, mechanical stimuli, light, and cytokinins. In 2009, scientists studied the ion flux in the roots of corn and barley through non-invasive micro-testing techniques , and found that short-term illumination reduced H+ outflow and K+ from absorption to outflow. The roots of cut corn and barley decreased in the low salt environment, and the K+ inflow stopped. With the addition of 100 mM NaCl, the pressure varied drastically, but the ion flow was not affected. The barley root tip is removed and the ion current changes from a small inflow to a large inflow. Kinetin (2-4 μM, a cytokinin) caused a greater influx of K+, indicating that ion transport is regulated by apical cytokinins. This study demonstrates that rapid electrical signals and cytokinins can regulate nutrient uptake by roots, and the next step will focus on how electrical signals induced by increased light intensity regulate plant ion transport and nutrient uptake. This work provides a basis for how we regulate the nutrient absorption of plants. Abstract: Inma, exposure of the shoot to light induces short-term (within1–2 min) effects on net K+ and H+ transport at the root surface. H+ efflux decreased (from -18 to -12 nmol m-2 s-1) and K+ uptake (~2 nmol m-2 s-1) reverted to efflux (~-3 nmol m-2 s-1). Xylem probing Revised that the transroot (electrical) potential drop between xylem vessels and an external electrode responded within seconds to a stepwise increase in light intensity; xylem pressure started to decrease after a ~3 min delay, favouring electrical as opposed to hydraulic signalling. And barley roots at the base reduced H+ efflux and stopped K+ influx in low-salt medium; xylem pressure rapidly increased to atmospheric levels. With 100 mM NaCl added to the bath, the pressure jump upon cutting was more dramatic, but fluxes remained unaffected, Provide further evidence against hydraulic regulation of ion Following excision of the apical part of barley roots, influx changed to large efflux (-50 nmol m-2 s-1). Kinetin (2–4 μM), a synthetic cytokinin, reversed this effect. Regulation of ion transport by Root-tip-synthesized cytokinins is discussed. Laiwu Manhing Vegetables Fruits Corporation , https://www.manhingfood.com Electrical signals and cytokinins regulate plant nutrient absorption Electrical Signals and Cytokinins Regulate the Absorption of Ions by Maize and Barley Roots Legend:
Figure 2 above: 2 μM kinetin causes sustained absorption of K+; K+ has a dose effect on kinetin.
Key words : kinetin; long-distance signalling; K+; H+
References : Shabala S, et al. Plant, Cell and Environment (2009) 32, 194–207
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