Treatment of vegetable seeds before nursery

The purpose of seed treatment is to reduce seed colonization, enhance disease resistance, and allow seedlings to develop rapidly and neatly and robustly. The operation is simple, economical, and effective.

(a) Soaking

Soaking can use clean tile basin, plastic basin or porcelain basin. Seeds with seed coats that are easily sticky or unfermented, such as seeds of eggplant, pepper, and squash, can be washed once with 0.2%--0.4% lye and rinsed with warm water. Common methods are:

1. Soaking in cold water: Soaking the seeds with water of 22--30°C is suitable for all kinds of vegetable seeds. The soaking time depends on the thickness of the seed skin and the water temperature. Seeds of common cabbage and beans are soaked for 1–2 hours; cucumbers and pumpkin seeds are soaked for 3–4 hours; cabbages and radish seeds are soaked for 4–5 hours; lettuce seeds are soaked for 7–8 hours; Loofah, melon, and zucchini are soaked for 8 to 12 hours. The watermelon, balsam pear, celery, carrot, and spinach seeds are soaked for 24 hours. Change the water every 5-8 hours during soaking. When seed coats of bean seeds are swollen and crumpled, they can be removed for broadcast. After other seeds are soaked, remove the package and force the water film attached to the seeds to forcefully dislodge it before germination.

2, soaking in warm water: first put the seeds into the basin, and then slowly poured into the 50-55 °C warm water while stirring, continue to soak, this method has a certain degree of disinfection, eggplant, melons, cabbage All kinds of seeds can be applied.

3, hot water soaking: can be just submerged with cold water immersed seeds, and then 80--90 °C hot water slowly while stirring while stirring, the water temperature to 55 °C, stop stirring, and maintain this water temperature for 7-8 minutes, and then Soaking. The amount of hot water should not exceed 5 times the amount of seed. This method is suitable for the seed coat with thick wax gourd, eggplant and cucumber. The bactericidal effect is obvious, and the soaking time can be shortened, but it is necessary to pay attention to prevent the burned seeds. The seed should be fully dried before the operation, because the smaller the water content of the seed, the more it can endure the high temperature stimulation.

(B) Germination

After soaking, germination can be carried out to promote the rapid development of young embryos. Temperature and humidity and oxygen are important conditions for germination. The method is:

(1) Potted germination, soak the soaked seeds, wrap them in a clean, damp cloth, and place them in a tiled pot with a lid so that the bottom of the water does not become rotten and the tops are covered with moist sacks or Towels to maintain the humidity, and then put the pots in the fire or the germination box, the germination temperature began to be slightly lower, and then gradually increased, when the radicle is going to break through the seed coat and then reduced. The seeds on the fire course are flipped every 4 - 5 hours to make the temperature even. For the seeds with long germination time, the seeds need to be washed once with warm water every day to remove the mucous membrane so as to avoid mildew. When about 75% of the seeds broke or buds, the germination was stopped until sowing.

(2) Sand-initiating germination method: Mix the soaked seeds with the washed river sand in a ratio of 1:1--2. Place in pots and pans, cover with wet sand or wet cloth, and place germination at suitable places.

(3) Electrothermal temperature-controlled germination method: The pots with sand-accelerating germination method are put into the electric heat-controlled greenhouse for germination. The temperature can be controlled by itself, the management is more convenient, the budding date is accurate, and the time is short.

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