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(1) Seedlings in asparagus seedlings are multiplied by seedling propagation. There are few seedlings, high seedlings, and large propagation coefficients.
The asparagus breeding period differs depending on the cultivation area and cultivation methods. In the north, asparagus cultivation mostly uses spring nursery and summer planting. The appropriate seeding period for open seedlings is from late April to early May, when the ground temperature rises to 10 degrees Celsius. If greenhouses or other protective facilities such as Yangshuo are used, planting can be carried out as early as late February to mid-March, and planting can be carried out from late April to mid-May. Plants can grow to 1.5 meters in height. Two years can be harvested.
1 soaking germination. Asparagus seed seed coat is thick and hard, and the skin is waxy and difficult to absorb. The sprouting is very slow. Soaking seed germination is required before sowing. The method is: soak the seed in warm water of about 30 degrees Celsius for 3-5 days, change the water once a day, and often wash the seeds by hand to facilitate the absorption of the seeds. After the seeds are fully absorbed and expanded, remove the seeds and drain them. Moisture is placed in a bowl or bowl, covered with a damp cloth, or placed in a clean wet gauze bag and germinated at a temperature of 25-30 degrees Celsius. It takes about 10 days or so to sow when the seeds are about 50% budding. If you do not sow the seeds, they should be placed in a cool and ventilated place to delay the elongation of the buds.
2 seedlings prepared. In the spring, seedlings can be nursed with nutrients or nutrients. Nutritious alfalfa seedlings can be used as 1.2-1.5 m wide pods, nutrition bags can be used in film or paper bags, diameters of 8-9 cm, heights of 8-10 cm, nutrient soils can be used with rotted ring fertilizer and fertile non-bacterial soil (never planted Take the asparagus in the plot). According to fertilizer, soil 3:7 ratio mixed, then add a small amount of compound fertilizer. After the nutrient soil is fully mixed, put it in a nutrient bowl and fill it with water until it is sown. Usually 15 square meters of nursery pots are needed for every 667 square meters.
3 sowing and management. In the preparation of the seedlings, one seed per seedling is used. After the soil is covered, the soil thickness is about 1.5-2 cm, and then the film can be covered. Seedlings raised with nutrients can not only save seeds, but also have short seedlings, robust seedling growth, and are less likely to injure the roots during planting. The growth period is longer and the plants grow more vigorously, which can achieve the purpose of early maturity, high quality and high yield.
When sown in the open field, it can also be planted with pods, with a spacing of 20-50 cm in the seedbed, 3-5 cm deep furrows, and 3-5 cm plant spacing for on-demand. After sowing, cover the soil 2-3 cm, and suppress it properly. Irrigation can also be used on-demand method, that is, first planted in the seedbed plantar water, until the water infiltration with a knife into the 10 cm 10 cm nutritious soil, each piece of earth in a seed broadcast, sowing after the cover 1.5- 2 cm. After the film is covered, it can be covered with plastic film. The sowing rate is about 1 kilogram per 667 square meters.
In order to prevent the damage of underground pests, appropriate pesticides can be applied to the seedbeds before sowing.
Asparagus is a thermophilic crop, and the temperature of the germination period after sowing is preferably controlled at 25-28 degrees Celsius, so that it can generally emerge in 15-20 days after sowing. After the emergence, the plastic film and cover grass should be removed. The temperature is controlled at 20-25 degrees Celsius during the day and the temperature is controlled at 18 degrees Celsius or more at night. Seedlings generally do not water, when too dry, you can choose to spray a small amount of warm water at 20-25 degrees Celsius on sunny days, and pay attention to timely cultivator weeding. When using greenhouse or Yangshuo breeding seedlings, pay attention to the use of plastic film to cover and ventilation after emergence, the seedbed temperature maintained at 21-24 degrees Celsius during the day, maintained at 16-18 degrees Celsius at night. As the outside temperature gradually increases, the cover can be gradually removed. Make it exercise under open conditions to improve its resilience.
(2) Breeding of Asparagus Assemblages The underground stems have the characteristic of branching. Therefore, many strains of old plants can be naturally segregated for many years. The old asparagus cultivation gardens, which are generally over 15 years old, can be renewed. The method is: when excavating the old asparagus, the old strains can be divided into several branches according to the branches of the underground stems, and the storage roots for aging and death are cut, and the ramets are planted in the new garden. When breeding by the ramets method, it is generally carried out when the autumn ground dead. Since the roots of ramets are stocked with certain nutrients, they will be harvested in the second year.
(3) Tissue culture Seedlings Using tissue culture techniques to raise seedlings, shoots, axillary buds, shoots, leaves, pollen, and other somatic cells of fine asparagus plants are collected and cultivated in a suitable environment to obtain a large number of plants in a short period of time. , to achieve nursery factory. The advantage of tissue culture seedlings is that they have a high propagation coefficient and can reproduce large numbers of production seedlings; remove virus from plants, make plants grow more robust, and are more conducive to increase yield; they can also cultivate male and female plants and improve The quality of the product.
When tissue culture is used to raise seedlings, it is necessary to establish an aseptic operation room, a test tube seedlings culture room, and a seedling culture room.
Asparagus can be sown with seeds, seedlings, bred propagation and tissue culture.