The brake system is one of the most important safety devices for automobiles. Once a failure occurs, the consequences will be disastrous if repair measures are not taken promptly. The common faults of the automobile brake system and its overhaul are as follows:
One, bad braking or failure
1. The brake pipe (such as the joint) leaks or blocks, the brake fluid is insufficient, and the brake oil pressure drops and fails. The brake pipe should be checked regularly to eliminate leakage, add brake fluid, and clear the pipe.
2. Brake is retarded by air entering the brake pipe. The brake pipe is heated and the residual pressure in the pipe is too small, which causes the brake fluid to vaporize, causing bubbles to appear in the pipe. Because the gas can be compressed, the braking force is reduced during braking. During maintenance, the brake cylinder and the air in the tube are drained and the brake fluid is added as required.
3, improper braking gap. The gap between the brake linings working surface and the working surface of the inner wall of the brake drum is too large when the brake is not braked. When the brake is braked, the stroke of the cylinder of the sub-pump is too large, which results in sluggish production and slowdown of braking force. When the brake is repaired, the braking gap is fully adjusted according to the specification. That is, the ratchet is toggled from the adjusting hole with a flat head screwdriver, the brake shoe is fully opened, the clearance is eliminated, and then the ratchet is returned to 3-6 teeth to obtain the specified gap.
4. The brake drum is in poor contact with the friction lining. The deformation of the brake shoe or the roundness of the brake drum is more than 0.5 mm, resulting in poor contact between the drum and the drum, and the braking friction is reduced. If you find this phenomenon, you must cut or correct the repair. The diameter of the brake drum after boring shall not be greater than 220mm, otherwise it shall be replaced with a new one.
5. Brake linings are contaminated with grease or wetted with water. The coefficient of friction is drastically reduced, causing brake failure. Remove the friction plate during maintenance, clean it with gasoline, and heat and bake it with the torch to make the oil in the friction plate seep out. When the oil leakage is serious, replace the new piece. For a water-soaked friction plate, heat can be generated by continuous braking to recover water and restore its friction coefficient.
6, the brake master cylinder, the pump bowl (or other parts) is damaged, the brake pipe can not establish the necessary internal pressure, and the oil leakage leakage and bad braking. The brake master cylinder and the sub-pump bowl should be dismantled promptly to replace the worn-out parts.
Second, brake unilateral
1. Inconsistent braking time of the left and right brakes on the coaxial line is mostly caused by the uneven brake gap or contact area on both sides of the brake. In this case, the brake gaps of the front and rear wheels can be re-adjusted as required. If necessary, the friction linings can be dressed to make the front wheels brake before the rear wheels.
2. The braking force of the brakes on both sides of the coaxial shaft is different, resulting in different wheel rotation speeds and the distance of straight travel is not equal, resulting in braking unilaterally. This is usually caused by oil leakage from a brake cylinder on one side, serious oil contamination on the brake pads, a difference in friction coefficient, or a difference in tire pressure between the left and right tires. Gasoline can be used to clean the friction plates, adjust the tire pressure, repair leaks and eliminate them separately.
3, the car will automatically slide to the side without stepping on the brakes. This is mostly due to the deformation of the front suspension on one side, the deformation of the front suspension soleplate, the serious drop of the spring force of the front suspension coil spring, and the interference of the relevant parts of the frame or the like due to mutual interference or inconsistency. In case of the above, fix the cause and fix it.
4. When the brakes, the wheels will automatically go sideways. This is mainly caused by the difference in the surface roughness of the brake drum and the friction plate on both sides, or the air entering into the brake pipe on one side or the joint being blocked. Find the root cause separately and fix it.
5, left and right tire pressure unevenness caused by deviation. The right and left tire inflation must be the same, otherwise the actual radius of rotation of the two sides of the wheel is different, there is a linear distance between the travel and there is a side slip, each tire must be inflated in accordance with the required standards.
6, in addition to the above reasons, there are wheel alignment misalignment and left and right tire wear different, the difference in resistance of the road on the left and right wheels will also cause slippage. In this case, adjust the adjustment or change the parts according to the regulations after finding out the reasons.
Third, brake noise
1, the brake drum out of round, its roundness error exceeds 0.5mm. Brake drum face deformation (ellipse), when the brakes and the drum fit the moment will be a collision, while emitting a sharp impact sound. During maintenance, remove the brake drum and carry out boring according to the standard, and check the balance performance. The unbalance amount is controlled within 200g/cm.
2. When the surface of brake linings is too smooth, the friction coefficient is small, and the brake pressure is large, friction noise will be generated when the smooth surface is gliding, or foreign objects will be pressed into the friction surface between the friction pairs. There is friction noise. Remove the brake drum during maintenance, remove foreign matter, and use coarse sandpaper to hit the friction plate, and make it with the auxiliary contact area of ​​more than 70%.
3. The brake linings are heavily worn. Grooves and irregular shapes appear on the surface. When braking, they can not fully and effectively fit with the brake drum, or the brake support plate is deformed, destroying the coaxiality of the drum and the piece. Friction, collision and noise. When repairing, replace the friction plate and correct the brake support plate.
4. The front wheel bearing is damaged, pits, grooves, and even cracks appear on the surfaces of the raceways and balls, and abnormal noise may occur during braking. Replace the front wheel bearing to eliminate this noise.
Fourth, the brake drum caused by brake delay fever
1. When the brake clearance is too small, the free stroke of the pedal is too small. When the brake pedal is relaxed, the brake force is not completely relieved, making the friction pair in a friction state for a long time. It is difficult to start and the driving force is weak. The hand touches the surface of the hub to feel hot. In this case, the braking gap should be adjusted according to the specifications.
2. The brake handle is not fully opened. The reason for this is improper adjustment or negligence on the operation, which causes the friction pair to heat for a long time due to the friction state. If necessary, adjust according to the specifications.
3, the heat generated by the brake heat deformation of the return spring, the elastic drop or disappear, can not guarantee timely recovery of the brake friction plate assembly, it can not be completely released in time to brake the brake drum heating. Should repair or replace the return spring to eliminate the fault.
Fifth, the parking brake failure Common brake control cable or its coat corrosion, traction spring breaks, fall off or elasticity disappear, resulting in parking brake control cable or brake cable pulling in its jacket is not flexible, thus the hand The brake is loose and the work fails. Should check the brake control cable and brake system components for damage, handle manipulation is flexible, there is no stagnation phenomenon; cable connector and fixed parts are loose and damaged, if necessary, repair or change parts.
During inspection and maintenance, grease the grease on the cable or replace the damaged part, and adjust the brake handle rotation amount according to the repair specification. With 196N force on the parking brake handle, pull up the handle tooth plate to move 5 to 7 teeth, you can fully brake the parking for the normal handle stroke; if the tooth plate moves more than 7 teeth, indicating that the brake If the gap is too large or the cable is stretched, adjust it again.

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