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2. Cultivate strong seedlings. Strong seedlings are the guarantee for the high yield of sweet potatoes. The sweet potato planting season in our province is mostly in late April (before and after corn rain), so the nursery is usually in late March (before and after the spring equinox). Spring potato should be selected from disease-free, non-injury, non-freezing, and harmless summer potato, preferably detoxified seed potato, soaked with 800-fold carbendazim, and then cultivated in a hot bed, hotbed or double-film covered cold bed. The standard of spring potato seedlings is 100 plants weighing 500 grams or more, the top three leaves flush, the leaves are large and hypertrophic, the stems are thick and even, the stems are airless, there is no pest, the plant height is about 20 cm, and the seedling age is 30 to 35 days. . Strong seedlings generally produce more than 10% more than weak seedlings. Summer potato seedlings need to establish disease-free nurseries (secondary nursery). Summer potato seedlings are best to use the vine head seedlings, the top three leaves flush, large and complete leaves, internodes but not long, axillary buds shorter, larger root nodules, no air rooting, creeping head seedlings generally higher than the lower end of the yield 10 %the above.
3. Soil and fertilizer management. The high yield of sweet potato requires the selection of sandy loam with loose soil, deep plowed layer, good water retention, and moderate fertility. Especially for fresh sweet potatoes, it is better to choose the raw land without sweet potato disease, thick soil layer and good drainage to ensure a higher commodity potato rate. The principle of sweet potato fertilization is based on the principle of basal fertilizer supplemented by topdressing; organic fertilizer is dominant, supplemented by chemical fertilizer; potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and phosphate fertilizer is supplemented. The sweet potato with a yield of 3,000 kilograms is generally applied with 3 to 5 cubic meters of organic fertilizer per acre, 20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, and 20 to 25 kilograms of potassium sulfate. When ridging, the ditch is applied under a ridge. The cultivation of sweet potato should adopt ridge cultivation with a ridge distance of 70-80 cm and a ridge height of 20-30 cm. Spring potato planting density is generally 3500 per mu and 4000 per acre of summer sweet potato. Spring potato should be planted at the right time. Planting after planting for the first time on May 1st will reduce production by about 1%. Summer potato should be planted on the early stage. From late June to mid-July, the planting rate will be reduced by about 2% per plant on a nightly basis. Fresh spring potatoes can be properly planted for 10 to 15 days, prematurely infected black shank and skin color is not bright. Although there was a slight decrease in late planting, the commercial quality increased. The summer potato will have to be planted when it is rushed, otherwise it will be too small and the commodity will decline. Fresh spring potatoes have an appropriate density increase of more than 4,000 plants per acre; summer potatoes are appropriately reduced in density by about 3500 plants per acre to increase the commodity potato rate.
4. Field management. The early stage of sweet potato growth is focused on checking seedlings and supplementing seedlings. In the first week after planting, seedlings due to plant diseases and insect pests or improper planting should be selected for seedlings in a timely manner. In the middle of the rainy season, the focus is on the prevention and control of larvae and leaf-feeding pests; Drought and effluent removal and foliar application. Field management should pay attention to timely cultivating and weeding, and prohibiting turning over of vines. When plots with good fertility and water conditions grow in length, 50 kg of paclobutrazol per acre can be sprayed with a concentration of 200 mg/kg.
5. Timely harvest. In general, the province began harvesting in mid-October. In the latter half of October, the output of sweet potato did not increase substantially, the starch content decreased significantly, and the drying rate decreased accordingly. Therefore, the harvest was completed before the frost fell. Seedlings or fresh sweet potatoes should be harvested in the warm and sunny weather. After drying in the fields, they will enter the pit in the afternoon of the same day. Attention should be paid to light planing, light loading, light transport, and light unloading. Shipments should be made with plastic turnover boxes or baskets to prevent breakage.
6. Safe storage. Before storage, the storage pits should be cleaned and disinfected, and the pathogens should be killed by burning sulphur or spraying carbendazim. Strictly remove the potato chips that are sick, broken, flooded, and frozen, and the storage volume generally accounts for two-thirds of the pit space. The cellar temperature is maintained at 10 to 15°C and the humidity is maintained at 85% to 90%. Strengthen management and ensure safe storage.
7. Suitable to promote the region. Suitable for sweet potato production areas in Shandong Province.
1. Variety selection. Excellent varieties are the basis for high yield of sweet potato. In sweet potato production, different types of starch, fresh-food processing, vegetable-based and other types are selected according to different uses. Suitable varieties for starch processing in our province include Xushu 18, Lushu 7, Jishu 15, etc. Suitable fresh food and processing varieties include Beijing 553, Lushu 8, Jishu 18, Jishu 5, and tobacco Purple sweet potato No. 1, etc., Suitable varieties of vegetables are Tainong 71 and Fushu 7-6.