In recent years, with the continuous decline in the sales price of commercial soft-shelled turtles, most farmers have converted from the original mode of warming and breeding into the following three farming modes: First, high-intensity warming culture; Second, “two-head warming†culture; Third, naturally wintering culture. The common feature of the three situations is that the product rate of the soft-shelled turtle before it is moved to outdoor ponds for high-temperature culture is low, so the outdoor pond-raising stage is particularly important during the whole process of turtle-culture. I think that the growth of soft-shelled turtles has both internal and external causes. The internal cause is the adaptability of the soft-shelled turtle to the environment. The viability depends on the individual's different physiological conditions. The external cause is the change of the turtle's living environment. Therefore, the soft-shelled turtle should be cultured. Focus on these two aspects. 1. Feed selection Feed is the material basis for the normal growth of soft-shelled turtles. Insufficient nutrients will affect the growth of soft-shelled turtles. Poor feed quality or poor palatability will cause a serious shortage of soft-shelled turtles and reduce resistance to diseases. At present, the turtles of several breeding modes are relatively weak when they are moved to an outdoor pond for stocking. They are in urgent need of supplementary nutrition so as to quickly restore their constitution, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and immediately enter the rapid growth stage. Therefore, the choice of good palatability, nutrition and comprehensive quality feed becomes the key to future turtle culture. Second, water quality management 1. New pool First, the new pool should be maintained at the bottom of a certain amount of soil or shop a certain amount of sand, or turtles into the pool because there is no shelter and activities often lead to long-term turbid water quality. Secondly, the new pool should be cultivated before the release of seedlings, so that turtles have a stable and comfortable environment after entering the pond, reducing the turtle's activities and ensuring the healthy growth of the turtle. Otherwise, just before entering the water, the turtle enters the pool. Because of the unfavorable environment, it frequently moves in the pool and causes the water to become turbid. However, the soft-shelled turtle does not adapt to this type of water and becomes more violent. The vicious cycle makes the water body. Long-term turbidity, abnormal feeding of soft-shelled turtles, eventually led to the growth of the soft-shelled turtle, and easy to disease. 2. Aquaculture A certain amount of phytoplankton is very beneficial to outdoor pond turtle culture. It can use water carbon dioxide and inorganic salts for photosynthesis, generate oxygen, decompose harmful substances, improve water quality, stabilize water environment, and also Can play a role in shielding and reduce mutual bite. However, excess water can cause phytoplankton to die and cause drastic changes in water quality. In an acidic water environment, the soft-shelled turtle has weakened activities, reduced feeding, and low disease resistance. The strong alkaline environment causes damage to the skin and mucous membranes of soft-shelled turtles. Therefore, the soft-shelled turtle pond should maintain a weak alkaline water environment. The outdoor pond turtle culture is under high temperature conditions, so the cultivation of algae should be based on high temperature and weak alkali conditions most suitable for survival of Microcystis. The cultivation method was: application of quick lime 60 kg/mu, superphosphate 5 kg/mu, urea 2 kg/mu, fertilization and water injection. After the water is cultured well, in order to prevent the water body from aging or pour water (the water turns brown or white), we should first maintain a small amount of water exchange, so that the phytoplankton will remain fat, live, tender, and cool; secondly, when the number of zooplankton is high Lime and a certain amount of “trichlorfon†should be promptly used for killing, and the final use of chlorine-containing disinfectant should be changed by about 1/4. 3. Waterproofing Because of poor control of water bodies, phytoplankton blooms rapidly, and large batches die. This results in severe oxygen deprivation of water quality and even the formation of toxic substances called water changes. The process is generally changed from dark green or blue green to dark black, and gradually becomes clear and transparent. The phytoplankton in the water is very little and the photosynthesis stops. The increased amount of phytoplankton and the original organic matter are in the water. Severe oxidative decomposition in the water causes a dramatic drop in dissolved oxygen in the water, resulting in a large amount of harmful substances resulting from glycolysis, resulting in decreased feeding and disease resistance of the soft-shelled turtle. After water changes, attention should be paid to the cultivation of phytoplankton to ensure the healthy growth of the turtle. First of all, some old water should be drained in time to inject new water to reduce the organic matter in the pool and reduce the production of harmful substances. Secondly, a certain amount of fertilizer should be applied to speed up the reproduction of phytoplankton. Since the total nitrogen content in the water body becomes high, it should be The application of phosphate fertilizer is mainly to achieve the purpose of regulating the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in water and promoting the growth of phytoplankton. 4. The dissolved oxygen in the water should be sufficient Although the soft-shelled turtle is a lung-breathing animal, the oxygen requirement for the water body is not high, but its aquaculture water should still maintain the dissolved oxygen above 4 mg/L. This is because the soft-shelled turtle is rich in protein-rich excrement and If the feed in the falling water body cannot be decomposed aerobically and glycolysis is performed under high temperature conditions, harmful substances such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia nitrogen can be accumulated in the water body, causing the deterioration of the water body, resulting in decreased feeding of the soft-shelled turtle and reduced resistance to disease. Therefore, due to various conditions, the water body should be able to adopt chemical or physical methods to supplement the dissolved oxygen in the water to reduce the dissolved oxygen and ensure the healthy growth of the soft-shelled turtle. Third, the stocking density For many years, most farmers in the outdoor pond turtle breeding process, in order to rapid growth of turtles to adopt low breeding density, but often can not achieve the desired results. There are two reasons for this: First, the soft-shelled turtle is an animal that has strong competition for food. The low-density turtle has a poor feeding habit, which is not conducive to growth. Secondly, due to the low number of turtles, it is difficult to control in terms of feeding, while feeding is less for feeding. Insufficient quantities and multiple injections are likely to cause disease due to overfeeding of soft-shelled turtles. Therefore, the stocking density of outdoor soft-shelled turtles should be increased to 8 per square meter to 13 per square meter according to different specifications. Fourth, feeding bait outdoor pond turtle feeding should be based on the weather changes. In the early days, due to the low temperature, many underwater feedings were used to achieve more food intake. In the medium term, the “two more, less in the middle†approach is adopted, because two water temperatures and temperatures are suitable conditions for the growth of the soft-shelled turtle. Therefore, more feeding should be done to speed up the growth. In the middle, because the temperature is too high, the mollusc’s metabolism will be reduced. It is conducive to the normal growth of soft-shelled turtles. In the late days, due to the cooler weather and lower temperatures, feeding should be changed to underwater. Otherwise, due to the temperature difference, the food consumption of the soft-shelled turtle will drop sharply. Fifth, the use of outdoor pond turtle breeding as the water conditions are good, often less disease, so medication should be the main prevention, treatment supplemented. 1. Prevention First, the turtle should be fed with a certain amount of antibacterial drugs to increase its resistance when it begins to be cultured; secondly, it is mainly used for Chinese herbs that are detoxified, liver-protected and liver-protected during the high-temperature period; Ensure that the soft-shelled turtle has no residue and food safety. 2. In the course of treatment and treatment, the body of water should mainly be taken internally, supplemented by external medicine. The internal medicine should grasp the timely medication, the right medicine, with the amount of foot to ensure the treatment effect.
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