First, the phenomenon of uneven birth Uneven hatching manifested itself by looking at the hatching window, that is, after the egg was transferred from the incubator to the hatcher, checking the number of hatched chicks found that the entire hatching period was too long. In the actual breeding process, some chicks are already “dehydratedâ€, some chicks are still unable to breed chicks, the chicks are of poor quality, and even early in the breeding process they increase the rate of early death. The uneven hatching performance during the season-changing season, especially before and after heating, is even more pronounced. Second, the factors that affect the uniformity of hatching According to the actual production situation, the author enumerated several factors that affect the uniformity of hatching, the factors of egg production, environmental factors, and incubator factors. 1, egg factors The age of breeder eggs, the stocking time of eggs, the size of eggs, and the type of eggs all affect the uniformity of hatching. (1) Egg breeder egg age In general, the age of breeder eggs is divided into three stages. The first stage refers to the weight of eggs between 55 and 65 grams; the second stage refers to the weight of eggs between 65 and 68 grams; and the third stage refers to the eggs. The eggs weigh between 68 and 70 grams. The characteristics of hatching eggs are different in the three stages, so the hatching points are different and the hatching time is different. The characteristics of the first-stage eggs are that the egg types are small at the beginning of the egg production, but the calcium intake peaks when the egg production rate reaches 50%, so the eggshell is thick. Eggs are darker in colour and have a thick outer shell. Egg white is also thick and not easily degradable. This stage is characterized by high rate of early embryonic death, poor chick quality, longer incubation period, and higher rates of late dead embryos and shell eggs. The characteristics of the second-stage egg breeder, the recommended egg-handling, storage and hatching conditions are all suitable for this stage, which is the highest hatching rate. Eggshell thickness, plastic film and egg white quality are also the best. The incubation period is almost exactly 21 days. The characteristics of the three-stage egg-laying, the gelatinous properties of the egg white are not as good as those of stages one and two. The eggshell also thins, but if the egg production rate is low, the eggshell will still be thicker. If the egg is stored for a long time at this time, it is easy to lose water at the initial stage of hatching, resulting in higher early embryonic mortality. At this time, the relative surface area of ​​the egg capacity (chicken size) is small, so that the incubation period is prolonged. (2) Egg stock time Egg hatching time is different and hatching time is also different. The composition of eggs is divided into plastic film, inner shell membrane, shell membrane, lace, embryonic disc, protein (egg white), egg yolk, and air chamber. The length and conditions of the storage time during the stocking of the eggs appear to have no major effect on the plastic film, the inner shell membrane, the shell membrane, and the eggshell, nor does it explain the variability of the optimal storage conditions. Protein (egg albumen) is undoubtedly one of the most significant components of the egg protein during its processing and storage. When produced, egg white has a pH of around 7.6, which is slightly more alkaline than uterine fluid. During the storage period, as the dissolved carbon dioxide exuded from the egg white, the pH of the egg white increased to around 9.0. The liquefaction of egg white is also important in that it releases essential embryonic nutrients (such as glucose) from the egg whites and establishes the necessary pH gradients between the yolks, embryos, and egg whites. This is important for embryonic development during the incubation period, which facilitates the movement of ions, nutrients, gases, and moisture through the subhypodermal cells under the vitelline membrane and between the yolk and egg white. The problems caused by the long storage period are as if the lights did not run out of batteries. Large pH gradients can cause premature transfer of important ions and nutrients. The quality of egg white in young chickens is generally better than that of old chickens. The quality of egg whites in young chickens, and possibly the distance from the blastoderm to the eggshell, can also be maintained longer. This is probably why eggs produced by older chickens should be hatched earlier than young chickens. Why the hatching rate of the former is less than the latter after 7 days of storage. (3) Egg size The author found that the same batch, breed, and age, but different size and weight of eggs, the incubation time is not the same, the reason is not clear. In the same batch of eggs, the larger the eggs, the longer the incubation time. (4) Egg Types The types of eggs are divided into two kinds: eggs of different breeds, normal breed eggs of the same batch and misshapen egg breeds (round, circular, elliptical, corrugated, calcium). Different breeds of eggs are divided into: broiler breeder eggs and egg breeder breeder eggs hatch together, because the thickness of the shell membrane is not the same, hatching time is not the same, the general egg breeder breeder eggs hatch time is longer than the breeder breeder eggs hatch long time. In addition, even if they are broiler breeder eggs or egg breeder breeder eggs, the breeder breeds are not the same and the hatching time is not the same. The reason is that the shell film thickness of the breeder eggs is not the same. The same batch of the same batch of normal and hatching eggs hatched egg hatching, hatching time is different, in addition to the impact of breeder disease, there is the eggshell membrane (bulk, middle, small head) thickness is not the same, malformed eggs Shell membranes are thinner than normal eggs and hatch time is slightly shorter than normal eggs. 2. Environmental factors The environmental factor mainly refers to whether the temperature, humidity, and ventilation of the egg are uniform throughout the whole process of the egg from birth to birth. If all eggs are subjected to different temperatures during transportation, storage, pre-warming, and incubators, the speed of embryo development will be different, resulting in inconsistent hatching. Non-uniform hatching caused by environmental factors is even more pronounced during seasonal changes and during extreme weather conditions. For example, in the preheating and post-heating stages and in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, the incubator operation is unstable due to unsuitable ambient temperature. The unevenness of chicks is even more serious. 3, incubator factors Various types of incubators have different degrees of difference in temperature field inside, there are differences between upper, middle and lower egg carts; there are also differences between different parking spaces. For example, when the "19200" type box machine is about 14 days after incubating, the heat dissipation is obviously greater than the heat absorption during embryonic development. If there is no water-cooling cooling device, simply relying on air-cooling cooling will cause larger temperature on the 1-4 parking spaces. The difference is that the egg surface temperature of 1 and 4 parking spaces is 0.5 to 0.8°C higher than the egg table temperature of 2 and 3 parking spaces. For example, the temperature difference between the up and down parking spaces and the intermediate parking spaces of the roadway machine is about 0.3°C. Third, improve the uniformity of hatching measures 1, egg factors (1) Egg breeder egg age The appropriate weeks of age are hatched together. 2 stage eggs (35-45 weeks old), incubation time close to 21 days (504 hours), 1 stage egg (25-35 weeks old) and 3 stage eggs (45-out), hatching time 2 stages long. (2) Egg stock time For broiler breeder eggs, the general inventory of 1 to 7 days, incubation time of 504+ hours; inventory of 7 to 14 days, 504+; 15 days or more, 504+. The optimum stock time for eggs is generally 3 to 4 days. (3) Egg size Different grades and weights of eggs are grading. Now there is a specialized egg grading device that can classify eggs for weight grading. The author lacks the hatching time data without size and weight, and cannot give specific suggestions. It is only recommended that if the artificial grading is performed, 3 to 5 grams is recommended as a level. (4) Egg Types Separate hatching of different breeds of eggs, for example, breeders of egg breeders and broiler breeders are separated. Generally, hatching of breeder breeder eggs takes longer than breeder breeder breeders; in addition, even breeder breeder eggs or breeder breeders However, the breeder breed is not the same and the hatching time is not the same. The reason is that the shell film thickness of the breeder egg is not the same. 2. Environmental factors Try to make all the eggs be treated like the “treatmentâ€. The electricity is the temperature, humidity and ventilation of the eggs close to each other, reducing the difference. For example, in order to prevent the temperature difference between the upper and lower position of the eggs from being too large, you can Add an "average temperature" fan to the egg store. If the "pre-temperature" environment of the egg is not suitable, you may not "preheat" it. The most suitable environment for a hatchery, and the most important thing is that the ambient temperature and humidity of the hatchery and hatching room should be controlled at the temperature and humidity at the air inlet of the incubator and the hatcher, rather than other places. Incubator environmental control parameter recommendation, air inlet temperature and temperature requirements: 25°C The hatchery room environmental control parameter suggestion, the air inlet temperature requirements: 25 °C 3, incubator factors After controlling the environmental conditions that are very suitable for the operation of the incubator, if there are differences in the temperature of the eggs in different locations in the incubator, you can try to make the following adjustments to improve the uniformity of hatching. The box machine can adjust the parking space every 2 days when it is hatched for about 12 days. For example, the parking spaces between 1 and 2 can be interchanged, and the parking spaces between 3 and 4 can be exchanged with each other to minimize the occurrence of hatching due to temperature difference. Inconsistent with shanzhai. The roadway machine can install windshields in the upper and lower positions of 1 to 4 parking spaces in order to block the upper and lower winds and allow more wind to pass through the middle to minimize inconsistency in the rate of hatching due to temperature differences. There is also a technology that uses carbon dioxide to achieve synchronization. As we all know, air exchange is a crucial indicator in the incubation process. In order to metabolize and produce healthy chicks, oxygen must be supplied to the eggs and carbon dioxide should be removed as waste. At the same time, maintaining proper carbon dioxide levels during incubation has a positive effect on the development of embryonic heart and lung blood vessels. In the incubator, embryonic development is enhanced; in the hatcher, carbon dioxide stimulation is performed at precisely defined times, which can cause chicks to lick and hatch at the same time, and improve chick quality. The level of carbon dioxide can be controlled by adjusting the ventilation. From this point of view, there is no need for the hatching machine to turn the damper to its maximum state because the existing hatchery damper has the function of automatic shifting when the temperature is too high, in order to prevent overheating. However, if the throttle is adjusted to the maximum, the concentration of carbon dioxide is not well maintained. For example, in the chick clam shell phase, the method of reducing the throttle in order to stimulate chicks to hatch at the same time is to increase the uniformity of hatching. 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