In production, the main technical factors influencing the quality of Jinsixiaozao are as follows: First, imbalance of fertilizer and water management; Second, pruning is irrational; Third, excessive use of hormones; Fourth, pest and disease prevention is not timely; Fifth, unreasonable harvesting . How to improve the quality of jujube jujube? The author believes that in addition to selecting good varieties, it should mainly do the following: First, pay attention to the reasonable mix of tree nutrition Jinsi jujube requires not only nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but also trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, manganese, boron, and zinc in its growth and development, especially in certain trace amounts. The elements play a crucial role in the growth and development of Jinsixiaozao. For example, calcium deficiency can cause cracking, iron deficiency can cause chlorosis of leaves, boron deficiency can lead to poor flower bud differentiation, and fruit setting rate can be reduced. Zinc deficiency is easy. Lobular disease occurs and the fruit surface is rough. Therefore, in the fertilization management of the jujube of jujube, we must do a reasonable match with various nutrients. First of all, to apply the base fertilizer, the depth of fertilization in the 20 ~ 25 cm, fertilization amount of 3 ~ 5 cubic meters is appropriate. Second, in the various stages of tree growth and development according to their special needs to add fast-acting fertilizers. 1 After spring sprouting, from the end of April to the middle of May, it is an important period for the growth of leaves and construction of skeletons from Jinsixiaozao. During this period, a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus elements are needed. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be added. ~ 0.4 kg. From late May to early June, it is a crucial period for flower bud differentiation and flowering and fruit setting of Ziziphus jujuba. During this period, the demand for boron is relatively large. Especially in the case of drought and drought in spring, it is very necessary to supplement boron in the tree. . The test showed that spraying more than 6000 times of love and 2000 times of Ruipei boron in late May would be very effective in promoting the differentiation of flower buds and improving the quality of flower buds. At the same time, in order to ensure a stable fruit setting rate, when Gibberellin is sprayed after opening in early June, it should be added with 2000 times solution of Borneol or 4000 times solution. Severe iron deficiency, it is necessary to spray Ruicheng 3000 times in time. 3 In the young fruit expansion period, in order to meet the needs of the development of jujube fruit, a quick-acting chemical fertilizer should be applied. The amount of fertilizer applied is 0.1 to 0.4 kg of compound fertilizer. 4 To prevent cracking, spray 2000 times of Riparel calcium in each of early July and early August. 5 In the ripening period of jujube fruit, in order to increase the sugar content of fruit, potassium fertilizer should be added in time. In late August or early September, potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate 0.1-0.3 kg can be applied, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed. 800 to 1000 times liquid. Second, reasonable pruning At present, most jujube farmers still rely mainly on winter shearing for pruning jujube on jujube, and they do not pay enough attention to summer scissor. As everyone knows, the large number of shoots cut by winter shears will result in nutrient waste. Under the current situation of insufficient fertilization of gold silk jujube, the nutrient supply to jujube fruit is undoubtedly reduced, and eventually the quality of jujube fruit is reduced. Therefore, the pruning of jujube jujube should be dominated by summer scissor, supplemented by winter scissor. Generally, jujube buds begin to sprout, and it is necessary to eradicate axillary buds that will cause the tree crowns to crowd or grow into cross branches or overlapping branches in the future. Growth can result in leggy or crowded young shoots. It can be taken to control the growth and to promote flowering and fruit setting in the lower part. Third, the rational use of plant growth regulators The application of gibberellin to Jinsixiaozao has made a great contribution to the improvement of its yield, but in recent years, the majority of jujube farmers have relied heavily on it, and many times have used gibberellin to make the fruit of jujube. The quality dropped sharply. On the one hand, excessive use of gibberellin increased the initial fruit setting indefinitely. As everyone knows, the fruit set rate of Jinsixiaozao cannot be too high. According to jujube hanging, the average yield of 1 to 1.5 fruits per jujube crane is the highest. Therefore, the initial physiological fruit drop is very serious. On the other hand, some jujube farmers use gibberellin for young fruit, which directly reduces the quality of jujube fruit. After the experiment, Jinsixiaozao was sprayed after the flowering period of a small jujube flower opening 10ppm + love more than 6000 times liquid + Ruipei boron 2000 times once (special years, in case of drought or rain, or the amount of jujube is very small, can be sprayed once ), can achieve the initial fruit setting less fruit, less physiological fruit drop, high quality fruit of the best results. At the same time, gibberellic acid was banned in the fruit growth period, and it was best to use a plant growth regulator to produce 4000-6000 times more fluid. Fourth, timely prevention and control of pests and diseases Jinsi jujube diseases and pests have a great impact on their yield and quality. If the control is not timely, it will greatly reduce the quality of jujube and yield. For example, pests in the bud stage can delay the growth and development of the tree by harming the young buds, and even cause the phenomenon of no flowers and fruit in the year; the pests in the flowering stage can cause the jujube to be eaten up in a very short time; when the date rust is serious, it can cause The early fall off of leaves and fruit, even if it can save the date, its quality is also very poor; pulp rotten fruit can make farmers a year of hard work disappeared. Therefore, pest control is one of the most important links in the management of gold jujube technology. 1. Control of pests during bud and flowering stages. The jujube budworm pests mainly include: green-lipped stink bugs, food buds like weevil, and date juvenile mosquitoes. The main pests during the flowering period are: green-lipped fox elephants, jujube buzzards, and red spiders. Drugs for prevention and treatment are preferably hyperosmotic, low-toxic, and long-acting drugs. Through experiments, the use of Ruidan 1000 times or Gao Qiao 10000 times liquid + enemy killed 2000 times the prevention and treatment of green eyes, stink bugs, juvenile Mosquitoes the best effect, the effective period of up to 15 to 20 days. The best drug for preventing and controlling spider mites is 2000 times that of the Great Wall. It can be used once before flowering, and the efficacy can be controlled for more than 45 days. The effective drug for preventing and controlling jujube is kowei salt. 2. Young fruit pests. The harmful pests of young jujube jujube were mainly peach borer and cotton bollworm. The best time to prevent and treat peach borer pests was based on the time of pest reporting by the plant protection department. The best drug for prevention and control was the enemy's killing of 2000 times. The bollworm is best treated before the 2nd instar, and effective drugs should be selected as biologics, such as methadone or diflubenzuron-3. 3. Jujube rust. After entering the rainy season in July, rust can easily be induced when the rain is continuous and the relative humidity of the air is relatively high. Therefore, after the fruit is stable in late June or early July, protective fungicides can be applied to prevent the occurrence of rust. Through several years of trials, with Antai 800 times + love to receive 4000 times more liquid, medication interval of 10 to 15 days, can greatly reduce the occurrence of rust. At the same time, due to the high zinc content of Antaisheng, coupled with the over-regulation of nutrition, it can also greatly improve the quality of jujube fruit. Once a rust disease occurs, a good solution 4000 times fluid + Antai 800 times fluid can be used. The interval between drugs is 7-10 days, and the effect is quite good. 4. Pulp rot fruit. The golden jujube pulp is apt to occur after ripening or harvesting of jujube fruit, and severe years can cause the hard work of the jujube farmer to be eliminated. The mechanism of the pathogenesis of jujube pulp rot fruit is complicated, but it is not unpreventable. According to the test, the “fruit and fresh†2000 times liquid is evenly sprayed on the surface of the fruit 5 or 7 days before the harvest of the golden silk jujube, or the “fruit fresh†2000 times liquid can be taken after the harvest. To reduce the incidence of rot pulp, to ensure that the jujube farmers have a good harvest. V. Reasonable harvesting Early harvesting time and incorrect drying methods also affect the quality of Jinsi jujube. The jujube harvest time should be determined by the maturity of jujube fruit and cannot be generalized. In general, when there are more than 50% wrinkles on the surface of jujube fruit, it indicates that the fruit's sugar content reaches the highest, and the harvesting is best at this time. Drying should be carried out on an open site with a foil, which is convenient for ventilation. After harvesting, it can be directly exposed to the sun during the day and covered with a mat at night. After 3 to 5 days, most of the water in the fruit is lost. The foil can be sealed and the excess moisture can be slowly removed through natural ventilation. When there is continuous rain, quick drying methods should be adopted to reduce losses. It should be noted that no matter what method is used to make it dry, those diseases should be picked out so as to prevent the good from being infected.
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