Soil pH is usually expressed as pH, which refers to the pH of the soil. Soil acidity is divided into 7 levels. Graded indicators are as follows: PH reflects the intensity: 4.5 very acidic; 4.5 to 5.5 strong acidity; 5.5 to 6.5 acidic; 6.5 to 7.5 neutral; 7.5 to 8.5 alkaline; 8.5 to 9.5 strong alkaline; 9.5 strong alkaline.

In general, the soil in the north is neutral or alkaline and the pH is between 7.0 and 8.5, while the red soil and yellow soil in the south are mostly acidic. The pH is between 5.0 and 6.5, and the individual soils even have a pH of 4.

Soil acidity and alkalinity are one of the important factors that affect soil nutrient availability. Most nutrients are most effective or close to highest at pH 6.5-7.0. In terms of phosphorus, for example, when soil pH is 5, there are more active iron and aluminum in the soil, and it often forms phosphates and aluminum phosphates with low solubility in water-soluble phosphates in phosphate fertilizers, thereby reducing their effectiveness; and at pH 7, Water-soluble phosphates easily react with free calcium ions in the soil and generate calcium phosphate salts, which greatly reduce their effectiveness.

In calcareous soils with a pH of 7:5, due to the formation of ferric hydroxide precipitates in iron, the crop suffers from iron deficiency due to the reduced availability of iron. The solubility of iron salts increases with increasing acidity (pH 5 to 7.5). In strongly acidic (pH 5) soils, crops are often victimized due to the high amount of free iron.

Different soil pH values ​​will change the morphology of some nutrients in the soil, and the nutrient availability will also be different. It will eventually be reflected in the crop's absorption of nutrients. Therefore, understanding the relationship between soil acidity and alkalinity and availability of nutrients will greatly benefit high-efficiency fertilization.

In addition, we can also control the effectiveness of soil nutrients by regulating soil acidity and alkalinity. When improving strongly acidic soils; lime is usually applied. The lime requirement is based on the amount of latent acid converted to the amount of lime required for each acre. In general, strong acid soils require about tens of kilograms to several hundred kilograms of lime per acre, and are applied every few years. In the improvement of strong alkaline soil, the method of applying gypsum is generally adopted.

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