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1, artificial breeding
1.1 Parents Collection In the winter and spring fishing season, fish aged over 3 years with no injuries, good vigor, and normal development should be selected as the parent from the inner pond or the outer river. It is best to have individuals with obvious growth advantages that are bred under the same conditions for the same species.
1.2 Parental Nurturing
The parental transport of fish is preferably done with an oxygen bag or a live water car. Breeding Tongkou area of ​​2 ~ 3 acres, water depth of 1.5m, fresh water source, into the drainage convenient, clear the pond before the release of 7d. Stocking density is controlled within 100kg/mu. After the seeds are released, feed fish are replenished in time (about 1/3 of the body length of the fish). The stocking amount is 2 times the weight of the fish, and by mid-May, the amount of fish weighing 1 to 1.5 times the amount of fish is added. Before May, the water level is maintained at 0.6-0.8m, and the water level in June is 1-1.2m. The use of running water to stimulate the development of the gonads of the fish, 3 to 4 months of water every day 1h, 5 months of water every day in 2h, June filling water every day for 3h.
1.3 artificial production
In mid-June, the gonads mature. Cement tanks or earthen ponds can be used as urine production ponds, and can also be used in conventional fish ponds with good water quality as urine production sites with cages that are 4m long, 3m wide, and 1.5m deep. Each group of fish to set 2 to 3 palm trees, palm tree specifications length 40cm, width 25cm, thickness 10cm, 10cm below the surface of the water. Immediately after the parent injected the hormone, it was filled with water and allowed to inseminate naturally. 1 h after spawning, artificial ovulation and insemination were performed on the parents who did not produce eggs. The palm tree that adheres to the fertilized egg is transferred to the hatchery or the parent is hatched in the original pool. The dose of artificial oxytocin per kilogram of female fish was: (1) DOM 6.7 mg + HCG 1000 IU + PG 1.4 mg; (2) LRH-A 18 μg + HCG 800 IU. Male fish halved.
1.4 Fire Fish Breeding
The hatching of fish fry and the cultivation of fry fish are generally carried out in the same pond. 7 days before artificial oxytocin, organic fertilizer fertilizer water was added by adding 1% EM biological preparation (the amount of organic fertilizer was the same as that of pupa and carp incubation). The density of fertilized eggs ranges from 10 to 200,000 grains/mu. The fish fry has 3d of membranes. Soybean milk is artificially fed. The amount of feed: the first 10 days of soybeans 500g/(mu?d), and the first 11d of soybeans 750g/(mu?d) On the 20th day, some powdered feeds (the crushed material of conventional fish fingerling feeds) were added. During the period, appropriate amount of fertilizer water was used depending on the water quality. Normally, fermented pods were applied every 30 days to 30 kg/mu. The fish fry requires higher dissolved oxygen, changing the water every day 10 ~ 15cm. About 25 days, the size of the fry reached 2.5 to 3 cm. At this time, the nets were trained, and the fish was caught and transferred to the winter fish breeding stage.
2, large-size winter fish breeding
2.1 Condition of the pond The area of ​​2 to 5 mu is suitable, the maximum is not more than 10 mu, the depth of water is 1.5~2m, the bottom mud is less, and the good water intake and drainage facilities are 0.3~0.5kW/mu of aerator.
2.2 Preparation for stocking Fire-fighting fish species should be drained for 15 days before stocking, using quicklime 100-150kg/mu watered and disinfected, 1.2m one week later, adding 2% EM biological preparation to ferment 50kg/mu fertilizer water Cultivate natural food.
2.3 Fish stocking Avoid high temperature weather, transport them with oxygen bags, put the oxygen bags into the pool after entering Tangkou, and float on the water for 20 minutes until the water temperature inside and outside is close, and then gently pour the fish into the pool. Stocking densities of 0.8 to 10,000 tails/acre are conducive to the development of fish fillets with a size of more than 15 cm.
2.4 Feeding Management
2.4.1 During the cultivation of fish species, it is always necessary to maintain a certain degree of fatness. From July to August, the transparency is more than 30cm.
2.4.2 Start the feeding on the next day after the stocking of the fire pieces of fish. The type of bait is fish meal or silkworm cocoon powder, and add the crushed regular fish fingerlings at the later stage. Feeding amount is shown in Table 1. When the fish body is up to 8cm in length, the powdered feed transitions to an expanded pellet feed with a particle size of 1mm, the transition period is 2 to 3 days, and when the body length reaches 10 cm, the expanded feed with a particle size of 2 mm is fed. The amount of feed was determined by the reduction of the puffed feed that floated on the surface of the water, which was generally 1h after eating. Feeding times 2 or 3 times a day.
Early feeding of extruded feeds is an important measure to ensure that fish receive adequate nutrition and cultivate large-scale fish species.
Table 1 Feeding amount of fish
The length of fish fed
3cm 250k per ten thousand
5cm per 10,000 tail 500g
6cm per 1000g 1000g
7~8cm per 10,000 1500g
2.5 Water Quality Regulation
The water level in June is between 1 and 1.2m, which will help increase the water temperature. The water depth in the hot season is controlled at about 1.5m. Change water 10cm every day,
1 to 3 o'clock in the afternoon oxygenation 2h.
3, adult fish breeding
3.1? Fish raising
3.1.1 The preparation area of ​​Tongkou is between 5 and 20 mu, remove excess silt, clear pond and sun pond to improve sediment quality. Due to the need to feed plankton before the body length of 20cm, fertilizer and water (fermented cake 50kg/mu) were applied 7 days before stocking.
3.1.2 The stocking density of fish is 600-700 tails/mu, and the specification is more than 12cm. The specifications are larger. The best time for restocking is in January.
Not later than mid-February. The number of pupae and pupae with a size of 5 to 6 tails per kg is 10 and 30 respectively.
3.1.3 The feed is fed to the undomesticated fish fed with expanded feed. The feeding method is that the powdered feed is mixed with the expanded feed and fed to the expanded feed; the already fed fish is fed directly to the expanded feed. Set a food table every 5 to 10 acres. 20cm above the water surface, set black light, trapping insects, provide fish food bait. In late February, we choose to have clear weather and feed 0.5% to 1% of the fish's body weight. 2 times per day: 1.5% to 2% in April; 3% in May to gradually increase to 4% to 5% . In order to increase the food intake during high temperature, the feeding time should be 7:30 in the morning and 5:30 in the afternoon.
3.1.4 Water Quality Regulation The spring water level is controlled at 50-60cm, and the water depth in high temperature season is 2～2.5m. When water is added, it should not be directly injected into the pond. After buffering, it prevents the fish from jumping damage. Reasonable use of aerators, 7-day use every day early in the morning, can significantly increase the growth rate of fish.
3.1.5 Disease Control In the spring, if trichomonas or ringworm disease occurs, 0.5 mg/L copper sulfate is used for prevention and treatment. Starting in late June, if there is a small amount of fish disease with congestive symptoms, 0.3 mg/L of bromochloroquine is used to sterilize and take 0.05% of enrofloxacin or florfenicol in feed.
3.1.6 Fishing is mainly trawl fishing, with a small amount of surplus fish ponds catching. The fish transportation must add the appropriate amount of water in the tin barrel, and it cannot be transported dry to avoid mutual injury and death.
3.2 Raise
Fish culture can increase the breeding efficiency, and the survival rate is above 90%. Due to the conventional fish pond water and fertilizer, and small trash fish and green shrimp are abundant, crab pond grass and grass water quality is thin, and there are few food organisms. Therefore, the crab pool nesting should have lower fish density than conventional fish ponds. General conventional fish ponds can raise 10 fishes/mu after nesting squid, while crab pools only place 5 to 6 fishes/mu, and fish species specifications are more than 12cm.
It is one of the famous “Taihu Lake Three Whitesâ€. With the reduction of wild resources and the expansion of market demand, the development of artificial breeding of bonito fish has very good economic benefits.