Second, post-processing 2. Natural ventilation drying is to take a dry shed, use wood boards and berths to form a paved surface, 70~80cm high from the ground, and the width of the paving surface is convenient for turning operations. It is shaded with a mat so that it is both airy, shaded, and not exposed to sunlight. Spread the hazelnuts on the paving mats. The thickness of hazelnuts should not exceed 5cm. Turn 1-2 times daily. At a temperature of 18°C ​​to 22°C, after selenium is dried for 6-8 days, the moisture content of the wolfberry fruit can be reduced to 5%-7%, which can be collected and stored. If there is rainy weather during the drying process, it should be dried in the room, such as drying in the rural soil in the north. Third, storage
Respiratory disease is a common disease, frequently-occurring disease, the main lesion in the trachea, bronchi, lung and chest, lesions are more cough, chest pain, respiratory effects, severe breathing difficulties, hypoxia, and even respiratory failure and death. Due to air pollution, smoking and other factors, The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is increasing including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, bronchial asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary diffuse interstitial fibrosis, and pulmonary infection the morbidity and mortality of the disease at home and abroad . Therefore, Anti-Respiratory disease drugs are also more and more attention paid by researchers. Respiratory disease have the symptoms of cough, sputum, hemoptysis, chest pain, shortness of breath and other symptoms of lack of specificity, often clinicians mistaken by people for colds, bronchitis, and severe pneumonia, tuberculosis or lung cancer and other diseases delayed diagnosis; Respiratory tract infection, to be developed to emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, respiratory failure was taken seriously, but it was too late, its pathology and physiological function has been difficult to reverse. As with other systemic diseases, careful and detailed medical history and physical examination are the basis for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases, and should be combined with routine laboratory tests and other special findings to conduct a comprehensive and comprehensive analysis. Currently the most clinical application of anti-respiratory disease drugs have the following four categories: 1. Antihistamines 2. Cough medicine 3. Bronchodilator 4. Expectorant 5. Anti-asthma Drugs.
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(I) Determination of harvesting period Hazel nuts must be fully mature before they can be harvested. Early harvest, the seed is not full and full, easy to form after the drying, and reduce its yield and quality; late harvest, hazelnuts are free to fall off the ground, not easy to pick up, easy to be bitten by the rat And reduce the harvest. Therefore, timely harvest is very important. The ripeness of the hazelnut nut is that the color of the fruit and the top of the fruit changes from white to yellow, and the base of the fruit has a brownish-yellow color, commonly known as "yellow-wrapped". At this point, the nuts inside the fruit can be removed by hand, which is a suitable harvesting period. The fruit around the crown and the top of the canopy matured, while the lower part of the canopy and the inner part of the canopy matured late. Therefore, the stage harvesting was reasonable. The fruit collection period in the same hazel garden can generally last 7-10 days.
(ii) Although the hybrid hazelnuts harvested are taller in shape, nuts can still be removed manually or the fruit pods with an inflorescence stem can be harvested. Or wait for the fruit to fall off and pick it up again and pick it up every other day, that is, harvest in stages. Or take a big branch of oscillation to make hazelnuts fall to the ground and then collect them in baskets or sacks and transport them to the piled fruit field to be removed. When picking hazelnuts, care should be taken to avoid bruising or breaking branches, otherwise it will affect the growth and development of hazel trees in the following year.
The harvested hazelnuts with fruit pods are fresh hazelnuts, which have a large amount of water and impurities. They must be processed through processes such as deodorization, impurity removal, and drying to meet the requirements of commercial hazelnuts.
(1) When the artificial harvesting is carried out, the fruit with pods taken off must be dislocated.
1. The method for automatically dislocating the hazelnuts after the fruit has been fermented by stacking hazelnuts with hazelnuts is to stack the fruits with the preserved fruits, with a thickness of 40--50 cm, covering the draught curtain or other coverings, so that the fruits can be preserved. Fermentation 1-2 days. Pay attention to checking the temperature and humidity in the heap during the stacking process. The high humidity will make it over-fermented, causing the shell to have a darker color and loss of luster. In severe cases, the hazelnut can not be eaten, so pay special attention. After being piled up and fermented, knocking the fruit pods with hazelnuts can dislocate the nuts. Manual dislocation can also be used, but it is more laborious.
2. The collected hazelnuts can be placed on the piled fruit field to dry. After the bears are knocked with hazelnuts, the hazelnuts that have been mechanically harvested are not dislocated because the hazelnuts have been automatically dislocated.
(2) The hazelnuts that have been de-sterilized are still accompanied by contaminants such as fruit shards, leaf fragments, and soil blocks, as well as empty grains, insects, and the like. Removal of impurities is to make them more pure and meet the requirements of commercial hazelnuts. The first step is to use a cleaner to further remove the branches and leaf fragments that are mixed in the hazelnuts. The second step: washing with water, hazelnuts washed with water, remove the dirt and gravel on the hazelnuts.
(3) The moisture content of dried and harvested hazelnut fruits is 20%-35%. Adding this water washing increases the moisture content of hazelnuts. In order to facilitate storage and further processing, it must be dried to reduce its moisture content to 6%- 7.5%. In China, soil method is used for drying, and the cost is lower. There are the following two types:
1. Dry the cleaned hazelnuts in the sun. Avoid shell cracking, not resistant to storage.
Hazelnuts have low water content, and their water slaughter is 5%-7%. More resistant to storage. But nuts are sensitive to temperature and humidity. During storage, if the temperature exceeds 20 degrees or long-term exposure to light, it will accelerate the conversion of fat to produce a “hacha†and be inedible; excess humidity (over 75% of air relative humidity) will mold the nuts. Therefore, the conditions for storage of hazelnuts are low temperature, low oxygen, dryness and protection from light. The suitable conditions are that the temperature is below 15 degrees-20 degrees, the relative humidity of the air is between 60% and 70%, and the light in the warehouse is dark. The nuts can be stored for 2 years without deterioration.
First, harvest