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First, commodity feed
At present, the commercial feeds we purchase include premixed additives, protein concentrates, and full-price compound feeds (including powdered and granular). Pre-mixed additives mainly provide nutrients such as minerals and various vitamins. High-grade ones also include some essential amino acids and functional ingredients. According to the amount of addition, they are divided into various dosage forms, and small-dose dosage forms are needed when formulating feeds. Plus calcium and phosphorus. Protein concentrates are based on pre-mixed additives, and animal proteins such as pancakes and fishmeal have been added. High-end products have also added high-energy substances such as fats. The full price feed adds energy feed ingredients on the basis of the concentrate and is fed directly without additional ingredients. Due to the mixed culture of China's feed industry, we have to make a choice when we buy.
One choice is to choose a strong and highly trusted manufacturer. Don’t be fooled by the seller’s recommendations for feed. Some so-called big “feed companies†and even “forage companies†under the banner of foreign companies do not even have a fixed production base. They only use feed numbers to produce feed packaging, and then The packaging is provided to some feed workshops for profit from packaging, or to these small workshops to provide production formula production and profit extraction. These small workshops are poorly equipped, not to mention detection methods and the like. The quality of raw materials cannot be guaranteed at all and it does not rule out the phenomenon that some workshops do not cut back on production according to the formula. Even for some regular feed manufacturers, the quality of the feed produced by each branch is very different, and the feeds produced by each batch are quite different. The old man's stupid way is: Let the special pig house for testing, no matter how big the manufacturer's reputation is, I have to do a routine production comparison test. Once I find that the quality is declining, I immediately propose to the manufacturer, if not correct, I will refuse to purchase.
On the third look, the first is to look at the factory deadline, because the longer the time after the feed is produced, the more nutrients are lost due to volatilization and chemical reactions. It should be noted that the production date on most manufacturers' labels is currently only printed when they are out of the warehouse, so it is not the actual production date but only the date of manufacture. Therefore, we also need to understand the situation of the manufacturer's pressure warehouse, and also to check the old and new conditions of the packaging and the degree of pollution to make judgments.
Secondly, to identify nutrient ingredients, regular feed manufacturers generally do not dare to fake the label, because the factory must be able to cope with the test. We look at the amount of labeling as detailed as possible, such as vitamins to see VA, VE and biotin and other important and expensive content, the actual meaning of crude protein content is not large, mainly to see lysine, methionine, threonine The content of such limiting amino acids. The pursuit of high crude protein is the most foolish thing. Some companies in China and the “elite†in the business world have come out with everything. If you dare to add melamine-produced protein in infant formula, not to mention the direct use of feed. What? The recent detection of melamine in Hong Kong eggs is ironclad evidence.
The third look at feed quality. Feed quality is difficult to see with the naked eye, and you have to have enough experience to be able to see some of the issues. Generally, it can only be seen whether the thickness of the processing meets the requirements of the self, the maturity of the cooked feed can be observed, and the amount of added fat can be judged from the gloss. Color and odor reference is not significant, manufacturers can add lemon yellow to golden color, add fish musk mislead consumers think that add enough fish meal, plus the United States and fragrant whey milk as a whey powder, add sweeteners can add sweeteners and sweeteners Wait. These chemicals do not have any nutritional value, but increase the cost, and the added cost will undoubtedly be paid by consumers.
Second, feed ingredients
Many pig farmers or small and medium-sized pig breeders are based on distrust of feed manufacturers or in order to save costs and therefore self-provisioned feed. The success or failure of self-made feeds, in addition to skillful formulation techniques, is another key factor in the quality of raw materials. There are a wide variety of feed ingredients, which can be divided into mineral additives, vitamins, proteins, energy feeds, and functional additives according to major categories. The oldest person can only briefly introduce them here.
Mineral additives mainly include calcium, phosphorus, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, magnesium, iodine, cobalt, selenium, chlorine, sodium, potassium, sulfur, chromium, etc. These raw materials are all produced by chemical plants, and ordinary pig farmers have difficulty in The only way to identify the conditions is to purchase products from qualified feed-grade designated production companies in order to ensure that their contents and harmful heavy metal salts do not exceed the standards. Some products have inorganic salts and conjugates. Animals in the form of conjugates are easy to absorb and use, but they are expensive. Therefore, it is a waste for animals with long-lived animals whose digestive function has improved. Inorganic salt form products can provide us with the indicators of content and chemical structure. For example, copper sulfate has seven water, five water and one water, and ferrous sulfate has ordinary and anhydrous water.
Vitamin additives are bio-chemical products. Such products, especially water-soluble vitamins, are very unstable under natural conditions and are easily oxidized and destroyed during storage and processing. Therefore, particle coating technology is very important. General pig farmers, including most of the feed companies, in addition to add some of the individual products for special needs, are buying vitamin products directly added to the feed, the company and the brand reputation is our only choice.
Protein feed ingredients include animal protein and vegetable protein. Amino acids of animal protein are relatively balanced. Pigs have high absorption and utilization. However, they generally have high fat content and are easily oxidized and rancid, so it is best to be as fresh as possible. When selecting, it mainly depends on whether there is a hazel flavor and the impurities are as small as possible. Vegetable protein is mainly processed by the by-products of fats and oils, including cakes. Mechanical press is called “cakeâ€. By-product extraction of by-products is called “粕â€. In pig production, soybean meal is mainly used. Currently, soybean meal is commercially available. All of them are produced by large-scale processing companies. The general quality can meet our requirements. The main inspection is no mildew when purchasing. But do not rule out the small processing companies and vendors to do the fake phenomenon, the old man had seen soybean meal mixed with corn flour or starch, the test method is relatively simple, adding a little iodine into a blue is mixed with false, keep Iodine brown is not adulterated. Other types of cakes are also fresh and mildew-free, but raw cakes are the second, because raw cakes are not damaged by high-temperature treatment of anti-nutritional factors or toxic substances. If the raw material is shelled, the better the shelling, the better.
Energy feed ingredients are currently mainly seeded, with corn and rice being the best. The second is wheat. Barley in wheat is better than wheat. Although the energy of sorghum is high, because it contains tannin, the palatability is not good. Regardless of the variety, the lower the moisture content, the fresher the raw material, the better the grain is. The cockroaches of food processing by-products are excellent in rice bran (for the use of rice bran, described in the previous articles of the old mandarin duck). Mafushi has good palatability, high crude protein content but limited energy. The raw materials of the cowards are easy to adulterate. The old people have seen rice bran mixed with hull ash (composite mortar), Maif with sand, talcum powder and peanut shell, but generally it is not difficult to distinguish as long as there is little experience. The glutinous rice bran was more astringent than the hand; the travertine powder had a lot of mopbi, grabbed a hand on the palm, collected the powder on the palm, added a little talc, added the peanut shell of the same astringent hand and so on. Fat is a high-density energy feed material that can be added at low prices, especially in summer when high-temperature pigs have reduced feed intake or have significant sow lactation effects. Energy feed accounts for the largest proportion of the total feed ingredients. Slight mildew has a great impact on feed quality. Therefore, special attention should be paid to water content and mildew during purchase. Farmers with an experienced moisture content can judge by their hand, such as low fluidity and good hardness. However, hidden mildew is often easily overlooked, and it is important to note that all germinal parts are dark and have mildew.
There are many types of functional non-nutritive additives. It is not possible to introduce them here. We only need to remember one thing: Do not listen to the salesman's hype. The production test is really suitable for use. Acidifiers, for example, may work better if the digestive function of the pig is imperfect, but large pigs are not necessary. Anti-mold and anti-oxidation preparations can also be saved because their self-processed feeds are generally kept for a short period of time. The probiotics and enzyme preparations are mixed and the effect is very unstable. At present, the most commonly used mold-removing agents only have the function of adsorbing mycotoxins, and the effect of degrading mycotoxins is limited. As long as raw materials are strictly controlled, it is completely unnecessary to use them.
Feed plays a pivotal role in pig production. There are many “learnings†in it. The above is just a personal experience of the old man. Your colleagues must have accumulated a lot of experience in production. I hope that everyone will also educated us on the difficult situation of the pig farming industry.
Feed is the basis for raising pigs and plays a decisive role in the success or failure of raising pigs. Most of our pig farmers cannot have complete testing equipment and testing methods. We rely on our senses to distinguish between good and bad. Therefore, experience is very important. This old man, with decades of accumulation, teaches you a few ways to choose the feed (raw material).