The full mechanization of sugar cane production includes tillage, planting, cultivating, cultivating, cultivating, harvesting, and shipping. Harvesting includes cutting, cutting, cleaning, and shipping. It has the most workload and is the hardest, accounting for the total production of sugar cane. 55% of the workload. The proportion of time for each process was: 17.0% for harvest, 59.3% for leaf stripping, 10.9% for cleaning and baling, and 12.8% for shipment. Sugarcane mechanical harvest is divided into two types according to the harvesting mode: segmented harvesting and joint harvesting, among which sectionalized harvesting machinery includes sugarcane cutter, sugarcane leaf remover, sugarcane loader and other types, most of which belong to whole-bar type harvesting machinery; The sugar cane combine harvester consists of two types: the whole-pole combine harvester and the segmented combine harvester. The type and main performance parameters of the sugarcane harvesting machinery have been developed at home and abroad. Sugarcane cutting machine Most of the sugarcane cutters are self-propelled small-scale cutters or small and medium-sized wheeled tractors, which are more convenient for transfer in sugarcane fields. The supporting power is mostly 4 kW to 25 kW. Generally, the cutters are equipped with a disc cutter and a dial finger. The chain type of sugarcane and laying device and other components. During operation, the sugarcane planter lifts up the fallen sugarcane plant, and the cane root is cut by a disc cutter and then laid horizontally on the ground through a paving device. Its structural characteristics: General installation of surface contouring agencies, header height adjustable. Representative models such as NB-11K produced by Kubota Japan Co., Ltd. and the front-mounted sugarcane cutting machine developed by China Agricultural Machinery Research Institute. Sugar cane stripping machine Most of them are small-scale self-propelled leaf-splitters or walking tractors as supporting power-types to facilitate the movement of sugarcane between the sugarcane fields and the horizontal placement of sugar cane stripping operations. The service life of the leaf stripping elements and the leaf stripping effect are the key to the design of the leaf stripping components, and are also the difficulties in designing the sugarcane harvesting machinery. In the past, leaf peelers developed at home and abroad all used rubber peeling parts. Because rubber parts are easy to wear and have a short life span, they have not been applied to large areas due to poor adaptability to curved and uneven sugar cane plants. In recent years, the de-spraying machine developed by adopting a stripping component such as a nylon filament and a stripping brush assembly has improved the overall performance. The 4ZB-6A sugarcane leaf remover developed by Guangxi University adopts the upper and lower stripping brush assembly structure, and its main technical indicators have reached the level of similar foreign models. Sugarcane loader There are three main types of sugarcane loaders: one is a hopper loader, and a special hopper that can be lifted and mounted on a tractor. It moves along with the sugar cane stripper and takes over the sugarcane section after cutting the leaf cutting mechanism. Discharged into the ground bag. The second is to grab a crane loader and install a lifting mechanism to lift piles of sugar cane into a transport truck. The third is the lifting loader, which adopts the double-chain hoisting structure. Most of them are mobile type, and they are equipped with small diesel engines. They can be mounted on the walking tractor and can be easily transferred. There is also a fixed type driven by the motor. The 5S-15 hand-propelled tractor type sugarcane lifting loader developed by Guangxi Nanning Agricultural Mechanization Technology Promotion Station. Sugar cane combine harvester When harvesting by segment, it must reach the sugar factory within 24 hours for squeezing, otherwise it will cause deterioration of raw materials and loss of sugar content. The main process includes: dividing cane, sugarcane, cutting tip, cutting cane root, conveying sugarcane plant, removing impurities, cutting section, conveying sugarcane section and screening sediment, removing wind and removing impurities, and loading sugar cane. During the operation, the cutting tip knife cuts the cane tip and throws it to the cut ground. The spiral cane-bearing device on both sides of the cutting table directs the sugar cane plant to the cutting table. The sugarcane plant is pushed forward by the rack, the root is cut by the bottom circular knife, the sugarcane plant is sent to the cutting device by the lifting roller and the upper and lower conveying rollers, and is cut into 25-40mm sugarcane sections successively through 2 axial flows Fan suction light debris, heavier debris in the elevator Out of the hole in the bottom plate, the cane section is thrown by the lifter into a parallel truck. Supports 147 to 245 kilowatts of power, with a production efficiency of up to 50 tons/hour. Representative models are the Case-7000 segmented sugarcane combine harvester and the Guangxi Agricultural Machinery Research Institute's segmented sugarcane combine harvester. When the whole-bar type harvesting, the sugar cane has fewer fractures, can be stored for a long time, and the loss is small. The harvesting and shipment can be carried out separately. However, the harvested sugar cane is not easy to ship because of the low utilization rate of the carriage and is more adaptable to the seriously fallen lodging sugarcane. difference. The whole cane-type sugar cane combine harvester is generally divided into cane, sugarcane, tip, cut cane root, stripping leaves, and stacking. During the operation, the set-up rod introduces the cane tip into the cutting tip knife, the cut cane tip is thrown onto the cut ground by the picking wheel, the sugar cane plant is pushed forward by the push tip bar, and the root of the sugar cane is cut by the double disc cutter And lay on the cutter head. Under the combined action of the cutter head, feeding dial and lifting roller, the stripping device is fed to strip the leaf, the leaves are cleared out of the machine, and the sugar cane is sent into the loading cart behind the machine. The representative model is KALTOR-80 developed by Guangxi Agricultural Machinery Research Institute.
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