The main conservation measures for cultivated land are:

First, soil testing and formula fertilization

By analyzing the nutrient content of soil samples, based on the laws of crop manure requirements and soil nutrient performance, on the basis of the emphasis on the application of organic fertilizers, put forward reasonable fertilizer formulations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements and other fertilizers. Formula fertilizers are produced in a certain proportion and are used as base fertilizer and top dressing when growing crops. Due to the slow release of nutrients from organic fertilizers and long fertilizers, it is most suitable for basal fertilizers. Formula fertilizer is applied to the soil as a base fertilizer when it is turned to the ground before sowing, or applied near the seeds at the time of sowing as a seed fertilizer. Organic fertilizers are not only the ideal base fertilizers. The organic fertilizers that have been decomposed contain a large amount of available nutrients and can also be applied as top dressings. The nutrients of organic fertilizers, such as biogas slurry, are mainly divided into quick-improvement nutrients. It is more suitable for topdressing, and it is suitable for hole application or furrow application.

Second, straw returned

The purpose of straw returning is to increase soil organic matter content and alleviate soil compaction. With the use of harvested crop stalks, 2 kg of straw decomposition agent and 5 kg of urea are added per mu. Before cultivating tillage, urea and straw decay agent are scattered and mixed with the straw at the same time. Sufficient water is an important condition for ensuring the decomposition of straw by microorganisms. The land where the straw is returned to the field, because the soil is looser and requires more water, it should be watered early and filled with water to create a suitable environmental condition for microbial activity, so as to facilitate the decomposition and decomposition of the straw. When there is water in the field, the decomposing time should be 15-20 days. When the moisture content in the field is insufficient, the decomposing time should be prolonged to ensure that the straw is fully cooked and burned. After 15-20 days, the tanning process can be completed. The sign of ripening of the straw is that the straw becomes brown or dark brown, and the hand is soft and elastic when wet, and it is brittle and easily broken when dry. Since the ratio of carbon to nitrogen required for soil microorganisms to decompose organic matter is 25:1 to 30:1, which exceeds the ratio of carbon to nitrogen contained in the straw, urea should be used at the same time as the straw decomposition agent is added, or nitrogen fertilizer should be added after decomposing completely. Soil moisture is good, and sufficient water is an important condition to ensure the decomposition of straw by microorganisms.

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