In winter, the fruits are harvested and the leaves fall. The apple tree enters a dormant period. However, this does not mean that the management of fruit trees is completed. Actually, at this time, pathogens and pests on apple trees are lurking in litters, within weeds, under the skin of old trunks or branches, etc., dormant and overwintering, and their overwintering positions are relatively fixed. This reduces pathogenic bacteria and insect sources, and effectively suppresses them. The excellent timing of the occurrence of diseases and pests in the following year is essential for the clean-up and pruning of apple orchards and the management of pests and diseases. More output in winter, less money in spring and good results in autumn. Fruit farmers friends can take the following technical measures based on the occurrence of pests and diseases in their orchards in this year:

1. Completely remove dead branches, fallen leaves, and discarded fruit bags. The fallen leaves of apple trees may contain a large number of spores of Alternaria fulgidus, spores of brown spot pathogens, overwintering mites of gold-wing moths, and a large number of overwintering twelf-leaf truncate or hawthorn leaves in bagged fruits after bagging. In the garden, there are also a large number of botryoides or early defoliation pathogens on the dead branches of the locust. After the deciduous apple trees are completely cleared of orchards, litters, weeds, diseased branches, fruit drops, and fruit bags are discarded. Fruit waste boxes, waste wood piles, waste chemical fertilizer bags, and other items that may provide wintering sites for pests and diseases such as codling moths can be buried deep or burned, and the overwintering pests and diseases that conceal them can be eliminated in large quantities.

2. Cut off pests and diseased fruits. In combination with the pruning of fruit trees, the disease, fruit and vegetable pests, diseased shoots, and diseased shoots of fruit trees will be cut off and brought out of the orchard to be destroyed. At the same time, felling or replanting of abandoned fruit orchards will effectively reduce overwintering pests such as anthracnose, leaf roller leafworm, and powdery mildew. The pruning work is best done before fruit sprouting in the early spring of the following year (usually from late February to early March) to avoid the freezing damage caused by cold winter trimming wounds, choose to trim in sunny weather, avoid moisture (fog, snow, rain )the weather. Note that the pruning tool should be promptly disinfected. Before dissecting the next tree, disinfectant should be sprayed to disinfect the surface of the tool. The saw should be protected in time, and methylthionaphthalene acetate or bacteriocin can be applied.

3. Scrape the bark. By using the time period from the dormancy of winter fruit trees to germination before the early spring, the following rough skins or skins are scraped off the trunks of the fruit trees to eliminate the old mature larvae, mature larvae, and mature larvae of the larvae and leafhoppers. , Hawthorn red spider fertilized female eel and two-leafhopper fertilized female eel and other overwintering insect sources, and can detect apple tree rot disease, stem ring rot disease, dry rot disease branch diseases. After the disease is found, the lesions are promptly scraped off and smeared with bacteriocin or methylthionaphthalene acetate is applied to the affected area. When scraping the skin, it must not damage the xylem of fruit trees, and the scraped trees are taken out of the orchard and burned together. After shaving, apply white to the apple tree branches.

4. Deeply turn the soil. After the orchard is cleared and before the soil is frozen, the crown of the fruit tree is deeply turned 20-30 centimeters under the canopy. After deep-turning, the water is poured to change the environmental conditions of the soil and destroy the wintering sites of pests. It can reduce the wintering insect source in the soil such as peach borer, grass worm, and beetle.

5. Branches painted white. After the fruit trees were defoliated and before the soil was frozen, the main and large branches of the apple trees were painted white with a lime whitening agent. The whitening height is generally 60-80 cm. The formulation proportion of whitening agent is generally: 10 parts of quicklime, 3-4 parts of lime sulfur (or 1 part of sulfur powder), 2 parts of salt, 40 parts of water, and a small amount of vegetable oil. Stir thoroughly and evenly. In the early spring it should be painted again. It can prevent the occurrence of sunburn and frost damage in fruit trees, and can also eliminate pests and germs that overwinter on tree trunks.

6. Spray the medicament. In the dormant period of apple trees, spray 1-2 times 5% mineral oil emulsion or 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur, and apple winter stalk eggs, apple claw larvae eggs and scale insect larvae etc. that live on apple tree branches. Have a good effect.

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