Xi'an JCF Herb Technology Development Co., Ltd , https://www.jcfherb.com
There are many methods for soil disinfection, which are mainly divided into lime disinfection method, high temperature disinfection method, hot water disinfection method, solar energy disinfection method, and drug disinfection method. In addition, there are flame disinfection technology, steam disinfection technology, and biological fumigation technology.
1. Lime disinfection. Select the hottest time from June to August to clear away the relics of the former loquat, apply 50~100 kg of quick lime per acre, and spread 1000~2000 kg of rice straw, straw, corn stalk, etc. in the furrows. Lime and straw are deep-frozen with rotary cultivators or plow sticks, buried in the ground, the general buried depth of 30 ~ 40cm, it is best to deep-duo twice, straw as short as possible, compacted after plowing, with no damage The old membrane completely seals the surface of the soil, prevents soil water from disintegrating, and lowers the temperature. Water is poured from the membrane and the surface of the membrane is fully wetted until water is accumulated.
2. High temperature disinfection. The greenhouse can be completely closed. It is required that the temperature in the 20cm soil layer reach 40°C for 7 days, or 37°C for 20 days. This can effectively kill bacteria, root-knot nematodes and other harmful organisms in the soil. After the disinfection is completed, plowing (30 to 40cm in depth is appropriate to prevent the deep-seated creatures from turning to the surface). After 3 to 5 days of drying, seeds can be planted or planted.
3. The use of reflectors, the use of radiation sterilization of light. The use of light radiation to sterilize the soil is utilised to sterilize it by ultraviolet light. The source of ultraviolet light is the most natural sunlight. Spread the configured culture soil and expose it to sunlight for about 3 days. In order to increase the intensity of ultraviolet rays, a reflective plate is usually used. The reflective plate uses the light reflection effect of the aluminum foil, and the aluminum foil plate faces the sunlight obliquely to the ground and receives the aluminum foil. The sun's rays are reflected or refracted to the ground to increase the temperature of the soil. Using the reflector, the surface temperature of the soil can reach 50°C, and the temperature of the underground 20cm can reach 15°C~20°C. This can eliminate a large number of germs, Insects (egg), etc., although not very thorough, but the effect is still good.
4. Hot water disinfection method. Soil hot water disinfection is the use of high-temperature hot water disinfection machine to produce high-temperature hot water to sterilize the soil, using high-precision sensors to control the temperature of hot water, using a circulating pump to make the water temperature uniform. Divided into coal-fired soil hot water disinfector, hot water delivery system, hot water dispenser and drip irrigation system and other three parts. This technology is the use of high-temperature pipes to transport high-temperature hot water above 92 °C to the cultivating matrix tanks or cultivating pots that require disinfection of greenhouses. The soil temperature of 20cm can be increased to 50°C or more in about 2 hours, and it can be 1 to 2 hours in 50°C or more, and 3.5 hours in 45°C or more, while the soil temperature in 30cm depth is only about 33°C. After observations before and after treatment, it was found that root-knot nematodes, which are present in large amounts in soil, can be basically killed after the soil is disinfected by high-temperature hot water.
5. Pharmacy disinfection. Pharmacy disinfection is the use of various chemical agents or biological agents through the sprinkler, watering, mixing soil, fumigation and other means of disinfection of the soil, the use of drugs are mainly formaldehyde, metsylamine, chloropicrin, methyl bromide, field addition, line Net, Bacteria, and other insecticides and fungicides.
1) Spray or watering method. The agent is diluted with water to a certain concentration, sprayed on the surface of the soil with a sprayer, or directly poured into the soil, so that the liquid penetrates into the deep soil, killing the bacteria in the soil. Spraying pesticides is suitable for disinfecting soils in fields, nursery soil, and greenhouse cultivation. The main pesticides used in the spray method are formaldehyde, dasammonium, and Bordeaux mixture. Formaldehyde has obvious effects on the control of black spot, gray mold, rust, brown spot, and anthrax. Daiseneramine can control black spot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, and blight of flowers, and can also effectively prevent various diseases of bulbous bulbs. Bordeaux liquid has obvious effects on the control of black spot, gray mold, rust, brown spot and anthrax. Mycelia (1.5% dithiocyano methane) is a new type of high-efficiency broad-spectrum bactericidal fungicide for damping off of vegetables, damping-off, pyomyosce, and bacterial wilt of cucumber, tomato, eggplant, and green pepper. Other special effects
2) Toxic soil method. Toxic soil method is to mix the medicine with poisonous soil and then apply it. Toxic soil is prepared by mixing the pesticide (emulsion, wettable powder) and fine soil with a certain humidity in proportion. The application methods of toxic soils include furrow application, hole application and application. Poisonous soil method can play the role of soil disinfection, but also can play a role in killing insects, killing grass, can be used in rice fields, vegetable fields, orchards, the choice of agents need to be adapted to local conditions, due to different crops.
3) Fumigation method. Use a soil injector or soil sterilizer to inject the fumigant into the soil and cover the soil surface with a cover such as a thin film. In a closed or semi-enclosed facility, the fumigant's toxic gases are diffused in the soil to kill germs. After the soil is fumigated, the seeds can only be sown after the pesticide is fully distributed. Otherwise, it is easy to produce phytotoxicity. Common soil fumigation disinfectants include methyl bromide, formaldehyde and chloropicrin. This method can be applied to the cultivation of strawberry, watermelon and vegetables in facility agriculture. For example, use 15% of 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent per 1 square meter of land for 5 hours.
6. Chemical control technology. In chemical prevention and control, there are mainly injection and disinfection technology, chemical irrigation technology, capsule application technology, distribution belt application technology, pesticides that can be used such as chloropicrin, dichloropropene, DMDS, cotton, line, line, formaldehyde And abamectin and so on. Line Net is an insecticide-killing agent with contact, stomach poisoning and fumigation. The mechanism of insecticidal action is to inhibit the activity of cholinesterase in insects, interfere with the nervous system of insects, keep insect muscles and glands excited, and cause death. It is longer and has a systemic effect, so it has a good control effect against soil pests and nematodes.
7. Biological control technology. In terms of biological control, Guoyou Ecological Organic Fertilizer can be used as a microbial fertilizer with various functions. Contains the organic matter necessary for plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements, also contains a large number of beneficial bacteria, amino acids, proteins, etc., which have a significant effect on prevention of continuous cropping obstacles. After application, it can increase the temperature, activate and loosen the soil, Repair the soil environment to achieve the goal of preventing continuous cropping obstacles.
With the increase of vegetable planting area, continuous cropping obstacles for vegetables are becoming more and more a concern in the development of vegetables. There are many ways to prevent vegetable continuous cropping, involving seeds, seedlings, grafting techniques, rotation crops, etc. The most important of which is soil. Disinfection technology.