In recent years, the diseases of the old production areas of Dongzao are very serious, which seriously restricts the development of the winter date industry. The author conducted a systematic survey of the Dongzao Garden in Jixian, Mengcun, and Nanpi, and found that there are mainly the following diseases in the Dongzao Park. The prevention and control countermeasures are proposed for the reference of fruit farmers. Fei County Mingtao Electronic Co.,Ltd , https://www.yourbeautyassistant.com
1. Black spot. Black spot occurs in each winter jujube producing area, and there is a tendency to increase. Winter date black spot mainly infects the leaves before fruit setting, and later from the young fruit will harm the fruit. The lesions of the susceptible fruit were dark brown and round, with halo around the outside or no fruit or some fruit flesh slightly dent or rot. According to the latest research, the source of the disease is tobacco brown spot disease and a bacterial culture. The black spot of winter jujube began to infect in late May, and it was the high incidence of the disease in June, July and August. At this time, it was high temperature and rainy period, which was extremely conducive to the spread of the disease. Prevention and treatment of black spot of winter date can be used to prevent and treat 1500 times times the world high, 600 times Kekekang, Amisida 1500 times liquid.
2. Fruit shrinkage. In recent years, the disease has become increasingly severe. After the fruit was damaged, pale yellow halo spots appeared on the shoulders and ankles of the fruit and gradually became depressed. The skin was dark red and dull, and the pulp tissue was atrophic and soft, with sponge necrosis and peel shrinkage. Jujube fruit disease is generally in the red circle to the coloring period of jujube fruit, fruit pulp more than 18% sugar, the average temperature in the ten-day period is 23 °C ~ 26 °C is the peak period, the weather is more rainy and foggy, more prone to disaster.
Due to the early stage of fruit shrinkage of winter jujube mainly due to fungal infection, the fruit is mainly infected by bacteria during the near maturity. Therefore, insecticides must be added to prevent and control pests (leafhoppers, stink bugs, ticks, etc.) to prevent invasion from the wound. . In July, attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of sucking-type insect pests, which can be sprayed twice in 8 to 10 days with 1000 times solution of Green Hunt No. 6 and the control effect can reach 95% or more. In August and September, the use of insecticides (such as kung fu, etc.) added 3,000 douprazole alcohol sprays, with an efficacy of 95% or more. Also can be sprayed thiophanate-methyl 800 times streptomycin treatment, the effect is not bad. Winter jujube boron malnutrition, will aggravate the occurrence of fruit disease. The spraying of boron fertilizer can be used during the flowering period, and then the fungal fungicide plus the bacteria bactericide plus the mixture of insecticides can be used to prevent and control from the young fruit period, and a good control effect can also be achieved.
3. Rotten fruit disease. The pathogens causing rot disease are mainly fungi and bacteria, and the symptoms of rotting fruit are divided into "black sorghum type" and "slump type". In the growth season from July to September is the peak of infection, high temperature and humidity can cause rotten fruit. The prevention of rotten fruit disease starts from the end of June to the beginning of July, and can be used 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times, 50% carbendazim 600 times, roulette 1 400 ~ 600 times, Liweiwei 1500 times and Bordeaux Liquid, green, security, and other agents sprayed alternately to prevent and cure.
4. Anthrax disease. Commonly known as burned eggplant disease, charred leaf disease. The fruit initially appeared as a pale yellow, reddish-brown, water-stained spot that gradually expanded to form a yellow halo, and finally the pulp turned brown or dark brown, and the pitted blackened. Most of the disease is in the shrinking fruit, secondary parasitic disease. It spreads when there is rainfall in the middle of May, and it starts in late July and late August. Can be used 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times, Fuxing 8000 times, 1000 times of polyoxoenamine to increase 800 times the birth of liquid or 600 times Xiansheng control.
5. bitter pit disease. After the winter jujube gets diseased, there will be dark green or reddish irregular patches on the surface. The flesh of the jujube will be necrotic, and the diseased part will be slightly sunken. The disease is mainly due to physiological diseases caused by calcium nutrition disorders. It can be sprayed with 0.2% calcium nitrate, boron-zinc-calcium, and US-fruit four-in-one (Zhengzhou Jinxiu) during the fruit growth period.
6. Cracking disease. The disease is a physiological disease, generally occurs in the late growth period of fruit, especially in the early September when the drought and sudden rainfall, winter date can easily lead to cracking, seriously affecting the yield and quality. Prevention and treatment of split fruit disease is a spray of jujube fruit anti-cracking agent, in the red fruit before turning red, even spray 2 to 3 times. The second is to properly supplement calcium fertilizer in the middle and late stages of fruit growth, combined with the method of mulching under the trees and timely watering in the dry season to basically prevent winter fruit from cracking.
7. Ulcer disease. The disease is bacterial infection. After the winter jujube, the diseased surface appeared red-brown irregular depressions. The diseased tissue showed yellow sticky rot and deeper nucleus. Prevention of ulcer disease can be used 77% to kill WP 600 times, agricultural streptomycin plus ethyl allicin mixed spray.
8. Soft rot. The diseased fruits showed irregular soft rot plaques on the fruit surface. The diseased part did not sag, and the cortical tissue under the cortex showed viscous rot. As a consequence, the meat tissue shrank and lost water, becoming a net-like cavity, and finally only the cortex. The disease occurs before and during fruit ripening. Control methods can refer to the prevention and treatment of ulcer disease.