Potato late blight is a relatively common occurrence of potato disease. It is a serious disease. Over the years, it has caused extensive damage in our county, especially in middle and high mountains. In rainy and cold climates, the affected plants die prematurely and the loss can reach 20-40%. First, the harm symptoms: Potato late blight can harm the leaves, stems and tubers. Most leaf lesions start from the tip or the leaf margin first. The water-soaked green spot begins at the beginning and gradually expands. When the air humidity is high, the lesion rapidly expands and can expand to most of the leaves and even the whole leaf. Along the veins invade the petiole and stem, forming brown streaks. Finally, the leaves of the plants wilted, darkened, and the whole plant died. After the lesion has expanded, it is dark brown and its edges are not obvious. When the air is wet, a circle of white mold grows on the edge of the lesion. After the rain or dew, the most obvious on the back of the leaf, when the humidity is particularly high, the front can also be produced. When the weather is dry, the lesions are brown and dry, with no white mold on their backs, and they are brittle and spread slowly. Second, the law of occurrence: potato late blight bacteria mainly in mycelium overwintering in the tuber, with bacteria seed potato is the main source of disease infection, diseased potato after sowing, the majority of diseased buds lose the ability to germinate or decay before excavation, a small number of diseased potatoes The wintering hyphae begin to grow, sprout, and spread to sprouts as the seed germinates, forming a germ, the central diseased plant. After the emergence of the central diseased plant, the diseased part produces a conidia sac, which is transmitted by wind and rain and then infects. The bacteria invade the leaves from the stomata or directly through the epidermis, while the damage to the tubers is through the wounds, lenticels, and buds. Late blight is endemic in rainy years. Poorly populated plots with low-lying drainage have a heavy onset, and the incidence of flat land is heavier than that of ridges. Over dense planting or plant type can make the microclimate increase humidity, which is conducive to disease. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer causes plants to grow long, or the soil is thin and oxygen-deficient or viscous soil makes the plant growth weak, which is conducive to disease. The application of potash fertilizer can increase plant disease resistance and reduce disease occurrence. Potatoes have different resistance to late blight at different growth stages. Generally, seedlings have strong disease resistance, and they are most susceptible to disease before and after flowering. The affected parts of the leaves also affected the disease. The parietal leaves were the most resistant to disease, followed by the middle, and the bottom leaves were most susceptible to disease. III. Comprehensive prevention and control: The prevention and control of potato late blight should be based on the promotion of disease-resistant varieties, the selection of disease-free seed potatoes as the basis, combined with the elimination of the central diseased plants, chemical control and improved cultivation techniques and other comprehensive prevention and control. 1. Breeding and utilization of disease-resistant varieties: Different varieties of potato have great differences in resistance to late blight. The potato late blight bacteria are prone to variation, and after several years of vertical disease resistance, they are likely to lose their disease resistance. The selection of breeding varieties with a level of disease resistance should be the focus. At present, the resistance (resistance) variety promoted in our county is Hubei Potato No. 5. 2. Establish a disease-free seed-retention site, and select disease-free seed potatoes and seed potatoes for treatment: Disease-free fields should be separated from Daejeon by more than 5 miles to reduce the chance of spread of infection by pathogens, and various control measures must be strictly implemented. The selection of disease-free seed potato is also an effective measure for disease prevention. In disease-fighting lands, disease-free plants can be selected and harvested, and they can be reserved for seed use. Seed treatment, can be soaked in 200-fold formalin for 5 minutes, and then stacked tightly covered, boring for 2 hours, then spread out to dry. 3, to strengthen the cultivation and management: the emergence of the central disease strain should be cleared, or remove the diseased leaves buried deep in place. The growth of late soil, to reduce the chance of pathogen infestation of potato, narrowing the spacing of the plants, or spray 90mg/kg paclobutrazol solution to control shoot growth during the bud stage, reduce the humidity of the field microclimate, can reduce the disease. In the epidemic year of disease, cutting vines earlier and harvesting the tubers two weeks later can avoid the chance of contact between tubers and diseased plants, and reduce the rate of tuber inoculation. 4. Chemical control: The protective agent can be used as follows: Mu with 75% mancozeb WP (Gold Fu) 120-150g or mu with 25% of Dinfodicarb Sulfate 20-40ml. Therapeutic agents can be used as follows: 68.75% mu for fluocin or frenolicin suspension (Silver Phari) 60-75ml or 68% for fine alum, manganese zinc dispersant (Jinlei) 100-120g or mu 72% cream urea, manganese zinc wettable powder (Kelu) 107-150g, both watered 50 kg spray. Control time: Apply the first drug before or at the beginning of the disease, and spray once every 7-10 days. Protective agents can be used before the onset of disease, internal absorption therapy after the onset of disease, different agents rotation use.
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