First, the genetic basis of the tumor

The genetic basis of tumors is the cornerstone of modern cancer research. As early as the early 20th century, scientists discovered that abnormal mitosis and malignant tumors are involved in cells. In the actual mid-leaf, the discovery of DNA double helix structure clarified the genetic mechanism of genetic material. Scientists further found that in cancer cells, chromosomal instability can promote chromosomal abnormalities and mutation accumulation. As the research progresses, a hypothesis is accepted by more and more researchers: chromosomal abnormalities and genomic instability are the initiating factors of cancer.

Second, tumor immunity

Tumor immune escape and corresponding treatment have become hotspots in immunology research in recent years. In fact, as early as 1909, some scientists suggested that in cancer cells, the carcinogenic pattern of mutation accumulation and alteration enables the immune system to destroy cancer cells like inflammatory substances, and the immune system can inhibit the development of tumors. In drug research, until 2010, the dendritic cell vaccine sipuleucel-T for advanced prostate cancer became the first cancer vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2011, anti-CTLA4 drug Iplimma was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a new treatment for advanced melanoma, and its role was further verified. This is a groundbreaking moment in the field of cancer immunotherapy.

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Third, the virus and tumor

The relationship between viruses and cancer is a hot spot in cancer research. In 1910, scientist Peyton Rous discovered a spindle cell sarcoma on a hen and identified the Russ sarcoma virus RSV. At that time, his important findings were not taken seriously until 1966, when he was 77, Rous won the Nobel Prize for the study. In 1969, scientists Robert Huebner and George Todaro began a series of studies that believed that most cancers were caused by retroviral gene expression. It seems that their views are not entirely correct, but they have brought a lot of inspiration to other discoveries in the field of cancer.

Fourth, hormones and tumors

Hormones can affect the development of cancer, and we are generally accepted. However, it has been a hundred years since the earliest observation that hormones are beneficial to some cancer patients to develop the first drug targeting endocrine organs.

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