鹌鹑 is a special economic bird, which has the advantages of fast growth, early maturation, more eggs, less material consumption, and short production cycle. A female quail grows to 45-50 days of age and can start production. The annual production of eggs is 200-300 pieces, which is combined with 2.43 kilograms. The average egg production rate can reach more than 80%. Each quail only produces eggs from hatching to egg production. Consumption of 0.75 kg, only consumes 20-25 grams per day, consumes 9 kilograms of the whole year, the ratio of eggs to eggs is 2.6-2.7:1, and the incubation period of quail is only 17 days, and it can breed all year round. Breeding clams has a high overall efficiency and a stable market. At present, domestic rearing capacity is second only to chickens and ducks.
First, the living habits
1.鹌鹑 Like warm and dry environment, below 15 degrees Celsius and above 30 degrees Celsius, the egg production rate drops, the optimum temperature for egg production is 20-22 degrees Celsius.
2. The gallbladder is easily frightened and the breeding room should be kept quiet. At present, it is caged and the cage height is 15-25 cm.
3. The quail is fast growing and has a short life span. At the time of hatching, it has only 78 grams. The sexual maturity of 45-50 days can reach 120 grams.
Second, the breeding of species
1. Kind of choice. Both male and female parents should choose fleas that are within three generations, are well developed, have no disease, have a body weight of 120 grams or more, and are full-bodied. The red ball of the male anus is fine and bright red; the mother’s abdominal volume is large, the pubis free end and the back of the sternum are three fingers wide, the left and right pubic bones are two fingers wide, and the male and female species are in a ratio of 1:3. Cage rearing, natural mating.
2. incubation. Select the output within one week, with obvious spotted, moderately sized and normal egg-shaped eggs, after the blunt head is placed in a room at 25 degrees Celsius for 6-8 hours to start the incubation. Incubation management is as follows: a. Temperature: In the incubation process of quail eggs, the principle of “high in early stage, middle stage, and low stage in the later stage” should be implemented. At the same time, combining “incubation season”, outside temperature, and embryonic development status, “getting the temperature of the fetus” can be flexibly controlled. Stay between 38-39 degrees Celsius. b. Relative humidity: The relative humidity in the incubator is maintained at 60-65%. Humidity can be increased to 80% the day before hatching. c. Ventilation and ventilation: The requirement of oxygen for embryos is less in the early period and more in the later period; less in the winter and more in the summer. In the first 8 days of incubation, ventilation should be opened at regular intervals, and ventilation should be repeated frequently for 8 days. 4 Turning eggs: Turning eggs from 4 to 12 times a day and night when hatching from hatching until the hatching 2-3 days before hatching. d, cool eggs: open the incubator door, reduce the egg temperature, cool eggs each time with the specific circumstances of flexible control, with the eyelid test temperature can be a bit cool. e, egg inspection: a photo taken in the 5-7 days after hatching, eliminate anaesthetized and dead embryonic eggs; two photos in the incubation period of 12-13 days, eliminating dead eggs. f, hatching: hatching 15 days of landing, the eggs removed from the egg tray into the hatching tray, increase the incubator humidity to 80% until the hatching, the newborn can be removed after the hair is dry.
Third, the cultivation of chicks The breeding period of the chicks is 30 days. After the first-born hair is dried, it can be placed in a brooder, and the rearing management is as follows:
1. Insulation. The brooding temperature is kept at 37-36 degrees Celsius on the 1-6th day, 36-35 degrees Celsius on the 7th to 14th day, 34 degrees Celsius on the 15th to 20th days, and decreases by 1 degree Celsius and drops to 27 degrees Celsius after 20 days. No longer use thermal insulation equipment and move to normal temperature of 22-27 degrees Celsius. The brooding insulation equipment can be used for brooding umbrellas, as well as ordinary light bulbs, electric tweezers, and warm water bags.
2. Drinking water. The chicks drink water within 24 hours after hatching. Generally, the young chicks can drink water in a brooding chamber, and they can drink water with 0.01% potassium permanganate, and then drink cool water. Once you drink water, you cannot interrupt it.
3. Feeding. The chicks can eat 1 hour after drinking water and feed 1 to 3 days old. 100 grams of corn flour was added to the starter and 1 gram of yeast powder was added. On the second day, the mixture was fed with 27-28% of protein. After 4 days of age, they were gradually replaced with chicks. For non-feeding chicks should be trained, the method is to sprinkle the feed on paper or non-toxic plastic film, the non-feeding chicks on the top, gently tapping on the paper or plastic film , Inducing its intake. The following formulas can be used for young chicks: 52% corn flour, 27% soybean cake, 5% bran, 10% fishmeal, 5% leaf powder, 1% bone meal, plus 10 grams of multi-vitamin. Stir the feed evenly. 1-7 days old 6-8 times a day, then gradually reduced to 4 times, to ensure continuous feed, continuous water.
4. Density and light. Generally small age can be more dense, older age can be more sparse, flat raising brooding density of the first week of age 120-150/m2, 2 weeks old 80-100/m2, 3-4 weeks old 60- 80/m2. Ensure that the light hours are conducive to eating, drinking, and production performance. 24-hour light for one week and light for 14-16 hours after one week of age.
5. Careful management. Observe the status of the chicks and check that the temperature, humidity, and ventilation are appropriate. Wash the sink and trough regularly and disinfect regularly. Keep the environment clean. Male and female segregation is conducted at 3-4 weeks of age. Vaccination or deworming is carried out at 4 weeks of age to avoid affecting laying.
IV. Feeding and management of adult clams
1. Feeding. The dry powder is used for free food intake and a sand trough is provided for free drinking. The formula used for egg quail feed is as follows: corn flour 47%, bean cake 33%, fishmeal 10%, bran 4%, bone meal 1%, eucalyptus leaf powder 5%, 10 grams of zinc sulfate per 100 kg of feed, manganese sulfate 15 grams .
2. temperature. The suitable temperature for laying eggs is 20-22 degrees Celsius. According to temperature changes and adjustments, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation in the summer, reduce the rearing density, do a good job in preventing the heat, winter should pay attention to cold and warm, increase the stocking density and the use of stoves and other measures to maintain the temperature .
3. illumination. During the production of eggs, light is very important. The general illumination is 16-18 hours. When natural light is insufficient, it is necessary to add light early and late.
4. Do a good job of day-to-day management. Pay attention to the cleanliness of cages, and regularly clean and sterilize feed troughs and sinks. Pick eggs every morning and evening. Pay attention to the mental status, appetite, and fecal observations of the herd, find the sickness to isolate the treatment in time, keep quiet, and make daily records.

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