First, there are many algebras in leafhoppers, and the occurrence of spots and early prevention The cinnabar leafhopper is also known as the red leafhopper, red spider, etc., belonging to the arachnid, the eye-catching, the leaf family. There are more than 113 kinds of host plants, which can damage 18 kinds of vegetables such as eggplant, beans, melons, tomatoes, peppers, potatoes and onions. It is not only harmful in the field, but also the main pest of cultivated vegetables and greenhouse vegetables. 1. Hazard characteristics. The cinnabar leaves are sputum and young, and if the scorpion sucks on the leaf back, the water transpiration of the leaf surface is enhanced, the chloroplast is damaged, the photosynthesis is inhibited, the leaves become red, curled, dried, fallen off, and even the whole plant is dead. After the cucumber leaves are damaged, the yellow spots are formed. In severe cases, the whole leaves dry and fall off, and the melon period is shortened. 2, morphological characteristics Cheng Yu: The female body is 0.42-0.55 mm long and 0.26-0.35 mm wide. Body oval. The body color is generally dark red or rust red. There are two dark brown spots on both sides of the body, sometimes divided into two blocks, the front block is slightly larger. The male body is 0.35-0.42 mm long and 0.18-0.23 mm wide, which is smaller than the female. The body color is red or orange red. The back has a diamond shape with a rounded front end. The tip of the abdomen is slightly pointed. Egg: 0.13 mm in diameter. Spherical. It is colorless and transparent at the time of initial production, and then turns yellowish to deep yellow. It is reddish before hatching. Cub: The body is about 0.15 mm long and 0.12 mm wide. The body is nearly round, the color is transparent, and it becomes dark green after feeding. If 螨: about 0.21 mm long and 0.15 mm wide. 4 pairs of feet. If the female is divided into the sputum and the later sputum, if the male is sputum, there is no sputum, and the sputum is less than the female. 3. Living habits. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, 18-20 generations occurred in the first year of the Yangtze River. In the dry leaves of the sun, the weeds rhizosphere and the clods and bark cracks in the winter. When the temperature in early spring rose to 10 °C, the cockroaches began to multiply, and gradually moved into the vegetable field in mid-to-late April to mid-May. At the beginning of the field, the spot was taken, and the victim plant was gradually spread to the surrounding plants. June-August is the peak of the hazard, especially in dry years. It is easy to occur in large numbers, and generally begins to winter in late September-October. The insect crawls and the wind and rain spread over a long distance. High temperature and low humidity are beneficial to its reproduction. The optimum temperature for development is 29-31 ° C, and the relative humidity is 33-55%. Vegetable seedlings with heavy rain and muddy water splash can kill some spider mites and reduce the hatching rate of eggs. After heavy rain, if the climatic conditions are appropriate, the outbreak of cinnabar leafhopper may occur during the appropriate period. 4, prevention and treatment methods (1) Strengthen field management. Remove residual leaves and weeds in the field and in the field. In the late autumn, the leaves of the field will be burned or fattened. Before the spring planting, the remaining branches and weeds in the fields and fields will be removed and buried to reduce the source of insects. Increase the application of phosphate fertilizer, rational fertilization, enhance the insect resistance of plants, water and humidity can be adjusted in summer and autumn high temperature and dry season to control the occurrence of cinnabar leafhopper. (2) Picking up at the stage of spotting. Spraying is preferred when the rate of flowering leaves is 1-2% or if there are 3 heads per leaf. The prevention and control of liquid medicine should use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides or preferential use of biological pesticides. Such as 73% Kloster EC 2500 times solution, 5% Nissoul emulsifiable concentrate or 5% Nissoram WP 1500 times solution, 20% gram emulsion or 5% card gram emulsion 1000-2000 times solution, 45% Stone sulphur mixture crystal 200-600 times liquid, 15% ketone ketone emulsifiable concentrate 3000-4000 times liquid, evenly sprayed. Pay attention to the use of pesticides, and consider the number of sprays depending on the situation. Generally, spray once every 10-14 days, even spray 2-3 times. Pay attention to the rotation of the drug, use a combination of synergistic agents or some new special effects agents. (3) Spray at the beginning of the period, that is, before most of the eggs hatch. It can be used with 20% stagnation net suspension agent 3000 times solution and 5% Nissol emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times solution. The egg killing effect is good and lasts for a long time, but it does not kill cockroaches. Second, without the use of phorate, the fly is still finished According to the "Guaguo Vegetable News" reported on May 12, 2004: Hebei Province, Xianghe River with high-toxic pesticides and other highly toxic pesticides to prevent underground pesticides, causing serious pesticide pollution, which will seriously affect consumers' physical and mental health. In fact, the underground pests of the cockroaches are not difficult to prevent, and it is not said that the use of high-efficiency and low-toxic pharmacy will increase the cost compared with phorate. For the prevention and control of mantle, the key point is to focus on the prevention measures based on agricultural control. Otherwise, once the larvae break into the plants, it is difficult to contact the insects with the use of pesticides, affecting the control effect, and it is difficult to recover the seedlings once they are killed. vitality. The species of the genus Diptera (referred to as larvae) belongs to the order Diptera, Drosophila, and is a polyphagous pest that harms melons, beans, onions, garlic and cruciferous vegetables. It is a worldwide pest. 1. Hazard characteristics. Causes seeds, young shoots, bulbs and roots to rot and stink, and the dead plants and plants are dead and ruined. The mantle harms the seed buds and young stems of the cucumber after sowing, so that the cucumber can not emerge and the young stems die. The mantle often drills into the unearthed seedlings from the underground and feeds upwards. When the damage is light, the damaged epidermis is intact, leaving only the pupils. When the damage is serious, the whole plant will die, and in severe cases, the plants will be destroyed. In addition, the wounds of the infected plants are easily infected by fungi and bacteria, causing the roots to rot. 2, morphological characteristics Adult: The female adult is 4-6 mm long and the male body is slightly smaller. The male's head is silver-gray and has three vertical lines on the back of the chest. The abdomen is long oval, grayish yellow. The female body is lighter than the male, gray to grayish yellow. Egg: long oval, about 1 mm long, transparent and white with a mesh pattern on the surface. Larva: The mature larvae are 8-10 mm long, milky white, slightly yellowish, scorpion-shaped, with a very small head and a black gutter. 蛹: long oval, body length 4-5 mm, yellow-brown, cofferdam, 7 pairs of protrusions at the end. 3. Living habits. The species fly 2-6 generations a year, and the winter is over in the soil. When the temperature in the second spring is stable above 5 °C, the adult appears, and the first generation in spring is the most serious. Adult battalion rotted life, there are habits of laying eggs on wet soil and unfertilized organic matter, mostly in dry sunny days, inactive at night, wet or windy days often hide in soil seams or other hidden places. The larvae have a strong backlighting and often move under the soil surface. The suitable temperature for larval development is 15-25 ° C. At 35 ° C, the eggs cannot hatch, and all larvae and mites die. The application of unfertilized fertilizer in the field will cause the fly eggs or larvae to be applied to the field with the fertilizer, and the soil moisture and other conditions conducive to the occurrence of the species fly, and the damage of the fly is highly prone to occur. 4, prevention and treatment methods The seeding period is coated with a seed coating agent; the application of the decomposed manure and cake fertilizer should be uniform, deep application (preferably as the base fertilizer), the seeds and fertilizer should be separated, and the manure can be coated with a layer of toxic soil or a small amount of the agent; Fertilizer should be used as much as possible in areas with serious mantle. After the leeks are in the head knife or two knives, the garlic is used in the front of the rotten mother, and the ammonia water is applied twice in combination with irrigation. Plow as early as possible, and plow in the right time. It is recommended to raise seedlings for the cultivation of sorghum charcoal, soaking seeds and germination, and sowing after pouring the bottom water. After the discovery of the damage, it is necessary to water the water frequently, and if necessary, flood the water. Irrigation should be considered in conjunction with the needs of crop growth. Inducing adult worms: Mix the sugar, vinegar and water in a ratio of 1:1:2.5, add a small amount of sawdust and trichlorfon, and mix them into a fly trap with a diameter of about 20 cm. Open the lid of the pot, cover the pot after the next morning, and change the liquid once every 5-6 days. Spray: At the beginning of adult larvae, the spray can be used, killing 4000 毙 4000 4000 4000 4000-5000 times solution, 2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable 2000 times solution, 5% beta-cypermethrin EC 1500 times solution, 5% to Fuling EC 2000 times solution 50% malathion EC 1000 times solution, 80% dichlorvos EC 800 times solution, 80% trichlorfon soluble powder or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution, spray once every 7-8 days, continuous spray 2 -3 times, the medicine should be sprayed to the roots and the surrounding topsoil. It can also be used with 2.5% trichlorfon powder, 1.5-2 kg per acre. Irrigation root: use 480 times solution of 48% lesbian cream, 1200 times solution of 50% phoxim, 90% crystal trichlorfon or 80% trichlorfon soluble powder 1000 times solution, or 40% elegan emulsifier 1500-2000 Double liquid, or 50% malathion EC 1500-2000 times liquid root control. It should be refilled once every 7-10 days, and the liquid should be infiltrated into the underground 5 cm. 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