Straw biochar technology facilitates efficient new way to solve the contradiction of "people are lazy"

"It is not so much that the straw is the 'Pandora Box" that causes pollution in the rural environment. It is better to say that they are the 'earth gold' of farmers' income." The professor of Nanjing Agricultural University who has been engaged in the comprehensive utilization of crop straw and cultivated in the field of soil and fertilizer research for more than 30 years. Pan Genxing was deeply touched. "I have witnessed the stalks from the time of burning to the research on resource utilization to the promotion of mature technology models to farmers. During this period, there are many achievements and many bumps."

According to the survey statistics, since the national level officially proposed the comprehensive utilization of straw in 2008, by 2015, the national theoretical resource of straw is 1.04 billion tons, the collectable resources are about 900 million tons, the utilization is about 720 million tons, and the comprehensive utilization rate of straw. It has reached 80.1%... The utilization rate has increased greatly, and the progress has been pushed forward. It must not be said that the achievement is remarkable.

However, when it comes to bumps, I am afraid that only experts such as Pan Genxing who have long been rooted in the field and some grassroots agricultural extension workers can talk about the feeling of lungs: improper returning of straw to the field is easy to breed pests and diseases, and spring rot will burn roots; 15 days, the work is too tight... These technical deficiencies have actually become a stumbling block to the general promotion of farmers.

Nowadays, straw biochar fertilizer has entered the enterprise workshop from the laboratory and entered the farmer's field. These stumbling blocks have also been solved, which has found a new way to make the straw comprehensive utilization more convenient and efficient.

Research and development

From agriculture, backing farmland, benefiting farmers

What is straw biochar technology? As the chief expert of the R&D team, Pan Genxing introduced that the technology converts crop straw into biochar rich in stable organic matter through low-temperature thermal cracking process, then produces carbon-based fertilizer from biochar as medium, and returns to farmland to improve soil structure and other Physicochemical properties, increase soil organic carbon content, and achieve recycling of straw in agricultural production.

"In fact, the reason why farmers burned straw is mainly because they did not find a better way to use straw." At the 13th National People's Congress meeting held in March this year, Chen Wenfu, a deputy to the National People's Congress and a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, had already supported biochar fertilizer. This sunrise industry: “Changing the straw to the field to change the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio and physical and chemical properties is a new direction. Biochar and its derived biochar-based fertilizers and soil amendments are a function of the present and benefit future generations. Strategic emerging industries."

The strength of Academician Chen is based on the general trend of China's agricultural green development and the advantages of straw biochar fertilizer. In recent years, the state has issued a series of documents, whether it is to win the battle against agricultural non-point source pollution prevention, or to protect and upgrade the quality of cultivated land, or to improve the land output rate, resource utilization rate, labor productivity policy, the crop straw Fertilizer utilization is a key area, and the strategic goal of achieving a comprehensive utilization rate of straw by 85% by 2020 is proposed.

The realization of the goal is by no means an easy task. In the view of Fu Xingguo, the backbone of the biochar fertilizer industry and vice president of Beijing Sanju Environmental Protection New Materials Co., Ltd., the straw biochar fertilizer technology conforms to the characteristics of ecological recycling agriculture, which originates from agriculture, feeds farmland, and benefits farmers. The incomparable advantage of the field approach.

What are the advantages? Fu Xingguo further said that enterprises can recover from straw, carbonized fertilizer, and pest control, rot and burn, roots, time and cost.

application

Cracking the agricultural contradiction of "people are lazy"

"People are not lazy," this ancient slang is actually only half right today.

Wang Hongyuan, a farmer from Yifeng Village, Xushe Town, Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, was once a “farm mad”. After returning from the army to his hometown, he contracted several rice fields and plunged into production. At the beginning, rice production was not bad, but in the future, Wang Hongyuan gradually felt that something was wrong: "There were a lot of chemical fertilizers used in those years. The soil in the paddy fields was very strong, and the soil was hard and big. In one season, less than 1,000 pounds of rice was produced in one mu. I didn’t get a good harvest by paying so much labor, and I was almost bald on my head."

In 2009, an occasional opportunity, Wang Hongyuan met Pan Genxing. Under the guidance of Pan Genxing, he applied straw biochar as the base fertilizer. In the second year, the land became much softer. The seedlings became stronger and more tiller, which increased more than 90 kilograms compared with the previous year.

Not only food crops, a field experiment data of the Pan Genxing team showed that the yield of potatoes using straw biochar fertilizer can reach more than 3,000 kg, which is 433.55 kg/mu higher than conventional fertilization, and the yield increase is 16.88%.

Why is there such a good effect? Pan Genxing told reporters that the straw biochar fertilizer is also a porous material with a strong adsorption on the surface. On the one hand, it is a natural and abundant organic matter, which can effectively repair the soil microbial environment, increase soil permeability, and play a role in water conservation and conservation. On the other hand, the biochar-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer produced in the carbon pores can play a sustained release effect, greatly improving the utilization rate of the elements, and solving the ordinary fertilizer 1/3 running in the sky, 1/3 with water Run, 1/3 into the crop.

In addition, straw biochar fertilizer has also played an active role in soil acidification and heavy metal pollution in some soils. Wang Huidong, deputy general manager of Sanju Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd., told a reporter about a product of the fertilizer: "If you look closely, you can find some white spots on it. This is actually a rich alkaline surface of the carbon fertilizer. Points can neutralize acidic soils, passivate and solidify active heavy metals in the soil."

A field trial data provided by Pan Genxing in a county in Hunan showed that straw biochar based fertilizer can reduce the content of 50.7% heavy metal cadmium in rice, which effectively guarantees the quality and safety of agricultural products.

Thanks to the remarkable effect of this technology, in 2017, the straw-charcoal-fertilizer-returning land reform model was recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas and was listed as one of the “Top Ten Straw Farming Models” in the country's suitable areas. .

Promotion

Can't use a pair of medicines for headaches and pains.

Farmers will not use and use bad technology, and will not be willing to accept it. From the moment Fu Xinguo stepped into the fertilizer industry, this sentence never left his mind. He is soberly aware that in the agricultural materials industry, it is difficult to establish a foothold in the market without re-innovation of products.

Therefore, Sanju Environmental Protection does not stop at the product, but extends to the downstream of the industrial chain, and takes the innovative agrochemical service model as the entry point to continuously strengthen the promotion of new products and technologies. As Wang Huidong said, “Let the peasants see the actual results, they can’t use a pair of medicines for their headaches and pains.”

He told reporters: "We have cooperated with the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the county soil and fertilizer station to establish a soil data sharing mechanism. A county has more than 500,000 mu of cultivated land, investing in a production enterprise or base, and forming a company in each enterprise. 'Measure the earth cabin' to help farmers achieve 'private customization'."

There is no doubt that agricultural technology extension services bridge the gap between technological and industrial advantages. The bigger problem is that in the face of poor peasants with thin family and weak labor skills, how can agricultural enterprises transform their technological advantages into “golden shackles” for poverty alleviation?

"For this issue, it not only reflects the level of business management, but also reflects the social responsibility of the company." Fu Xingguo introduced that in recent years, in response to the national call, Sanju Environmental Protection has also joined the team to fight poverty.

The model they adopted was that the county government was responsible for the construction of the granulation workshop infrastructure. The company was responsible for equipment selection and procurement, technical training and product acquisition, providing jobs for poor farmers, and quantifying the state subsidy shares as the asset income of poor households. Processing products at a price higher than the market price of 50 yuan / bag. Some products are used nearby, achieving a win-win situation for governments, businesses and poor households.

After the double innovation of technology research and development and promotion services, as of June this year, Sanju Environmental Protection has docked 408 counties and cities (including 124 poverty-stricken counties) and established 162 projects.

"I believe that the biochar fertilizer industry will benefit more than tens of thousands of farmers and contribute to the modernization of agriculture." Fu Xingguo said with confidence.

Soy Fellows in Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province, inspected and guided carbon-based compound fertilizer to plant natural soybeans