Rice is a high-temperature short-day crop, and its growth and development are greatly affected by meteorological conditions. In recent years, the meteorological conditions have changed greatly, and rice production is gradually moving towards a market economy. How to increase rice quality, increase efficiency, stabilize production, and increase rice production is the main task of rice production. To this end, on the basis of summing up many years of production experience, the following points are put forward for disaster prevention, production increase, and efficiency enhancement technologies.

First, based on high-quality, stable production of varieties

Fangzheng County of Heilongjiang Province belongs to the second accumulated temperature zone, and the effective accumulated temperature in recent years is 200-300°C higher than usual, which results in longer maturity of the rice varieties planted by farmers, and a larger proportion of late-maturing and late-maturing varieties planted in the inter-region. The ability to resist natural disasters is weak and the risk of planting is high. For this reason, it is required that the medium-early maturity is the main choice in selecting varieties, and a certain amount of late-maturing varieties be appropriately matched according to the cultivation level, and the main planted varieties in the plain area are “Jindao 10”, “Vuyou C” and “Puyou 12”. “With Songsong 6” and “Puyou 17”; in the mountainous areas and Mid-levels, “绥粳4”, “Sasaney”, and “Puyou 17” are the main ones, with “Jindao 10” and “Puyou 12”; Sanchao cultivation can use "V7", "Dongong 98-25" and "Puyou 18".

Second, grasp the early breeding seedlings

In recent years, the spring warming gradually advances, and the transplanting period is also significantly earlier than in the past 10 days, resulting in most of the seedling age within 30 days, after the plug back to slow green, low survival rate. For this reason, it is required that rice seedlings should also be advanced as early as possible, and should be mastered as early as mid-April. Due to the early low temperature, poor root development, and prone to bruising in the later period, it is required to use the Longxuan bio-organic strong agent in the production, and add the low-cost fungicides such as Qinglingling or Liqinjing. The rice seedlings are sprayed with dry or dry leaves at the end of each leaf period. Seeding rate recommended 0.17-0.2 pounds of shoots per plate. See the small green ventilation, so that the bed temperature is controlled at 25 - 28 °C before 2.5 leaves, 2.5 leaves to planting 20 - 25 °C.

Third, realize the "prevention-based, comprehensive prevention and control" plant protection policy

If any pests and diseases occur, even if they are well treated, they will have some impact on rice yields, and the pharmaceuticals they need to use are also of higher value. And once some pests occur, it is difficult to prevent and control, such as rice bakanae disease, rice panicle blast, rice blast and so on. Therefore, it is required that the prevention and control of pests and diseases by farmers should be based on prevention and integrated prevention and control. Especially in the case of rice spikes and neck ridges, tricylocycline should be sprayed every 7 days before heading to the grain filling stage for prevention. The requirement should be at least three times, and at the same time, agro-ecological measures require thinning, fertilizer control, and decontamination. Weeds.

Fourth, shallow irrigation, deep protection to do a good job of water-saving irrigation

The use of "shallow, wet, dry" irrigation methods during the tillering stage of rice will facilitate the promotion of childbirth. Inch water enters the pool as "light", naturally permeating and evaporating, reaching up to the water "wet", the pool surface does not see water, but there is water in the pool in the pool as "dry"; in the rice transplanting season returning to the chemical weeding irrigation Seedlings with 1/3 of the seedling height are protected and chemical weeding is ensured during the water retention period of 5-7 days; in the middle of July, deepwater tires with a depth of more than 17°C are filled with water at a depth of 3 inches or more; natural precipitation is used for the conversion from heading to grain filling. Artificial irrigation, water conditioning crop growth conditions and ensure that the grain is fully mature.

Fifth, reduce "nitrogen" and "potassium" level "phosphorus" for balanced fertilization

The rice varieties cultivated at present have strong ability of tillering, large panicle type, lodging resistance and disease resistance. In recent years, the temperature has changed greatly and the temperature in the later period is low. In order to ensure that rice production can achieve stable production and high quality, it is the same as in the past. Fertilizer than to reduce the "nitrogen" increased "potassium" level "phosphorus." Nitrogen fertilizer should be done sooner rather than later, rather less not much. The principle of applying or not applying may not be applied, and the amount of urea added may be minimized, and quick ammonium sulfate may be selected as an alternative. Base fertilizer as much as possible use of rice soil testing formula fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer, in the heading stage appropriate topdressing a certain amount of potassium fertilizer.

Six, promote cooked, create high quality

Due to the inconsistent grain maturity of rice varieties cultivated at present, the quality and yield of rice will be seriously affected, and in case of delayed chilling injury, it will also cause severe reduction in yield. Therefore, it is required to remove the net weeds from the heading stage to the grain filling stage of the rice to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, and to perform extra-root fertilizer at the same time in order to ensure the increase of grain plumpness and rice quality. Recommended use of "dihydrogen phosphate," "sunflower" "cloud 120" and other leaf fertilizer. In addition, in order to produce special nutrition rice, it is possible to spray selenium-enriched or zinc-rich fertilizers because it contains not only selenium or zinc but also a large amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and various trace elements, while forming rice with nutrients The fullness of the grain is also correspondingly increased.

On the whole, as long as the comprehensive anti-disaster measures are fully mastered, a promising harvest will surely be achieved in future agricultural production. (Zhao Yunfeng, Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Fangzheng County, Heilongjiang Province 150800)

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