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The clubroot disease of rape mainly damages the roots of rapeseed and forms tumors on the main root or lateral roots. The farmers are commonly called "pillow disease". In recent years, Deyang, Chengdu, Meishan, Liangshan, and other cities and counties have reported the occurrence of clubroot disease, of which serious diseases have occurred in Guanghan, Xindu, Shuangliu, Pengshan, Mianzhu, and Xichang counties (cities, districts). Note that the area of ​​occurrence of clubroot disease in rapeseed is expanding year by year and the damage is becoming increasingly serious. For example, in Deyang City, the occurrence of clubroot disease in recent years is: in 2000, the area was 3,500 acres, and the degree of occurrence was moderate. Among them, 180 acres were yield loss of more than 30%; in 2001, 6,200 acres occurred, with moderate weight loss occurred, and the loss was 30. More than 5% of the area is 650 mu in size, and 120 acres of other crops have been harvested or replanted. In 2002, 23,800 mu occurred and was re-emerged. There were 5,300 mu of land lost at more than 30%, and 2,200 mu of land was planted or replanted. In 2003, 36,600 mu occurred. Recurring, the loss of more than 30% of more than 10,000 acres, replanting an area of ​​3600 acres. Hybrid rape incidence is heavy. Investigations in Guanghan and Xindu have found that hybrid rapeseeds such as noisy series No. 6 and No. 7 were seriously affected. Symptoms The pathogen responsible for the diagnosis of clubroot is swollen fungus, and its host range is very wide. Apart from rapeseed, it can also harm more than 100 cultivated and wild crucifers such as cabbage, mustard, cabbage, radish and cauliflower. Plants, especially those of the genus Cloudtooth, are the hardest hit. Clubroot disease occurs in the roots, or root hairs from the general germs invade the radicle first root hair growth in part, the symptoms generally do not appear at this stage. When the disease continues to develop and invade cortical tissues and layers of the roots, the host cells are stimulated, the division is accelerated, and the volume increases. As the cells squeeze each other, the vascular bundle tissue is not normally developed, and the roots are swollen and the above-ground part appears. Waxy or stunted growth. From the outside, the leaf color of the lower leaves of the plants faded, and then gradually yellowed and wilted. When seedling disease is severe, the seedlings can die. In the adult plant stage, the plant growth was short, the outer leaf was wilted at noon, and recovered at night. After a few days, the wilting could not be recovered, and finally the whole plant died. Diseased plants and the use of uncomposed strains as fertilizer can be transmitted diseases. The optimum temperature for germination of spores is 18-25°C, which can not be germinated above 30°C. The soil moisture content can be 50-98%, and the incidence of heavy rain is heavy, the incidence of drought is small, and the ph value is 5.4-6.5. Less than 7.2 ph disease incidence. Under the right conditions, the bacteria can invade after 18 hours. Low-lying land and drought-improved vegetable fields are more serious. Continuous crops of cruciferous crops, the accumulation of bacteria in the soil to a certain extent can cause the disease. Analysis of Causes The root causes of clubroot disease in rapeseeds have been severely affected in recent years: First, the root plague bacteria lived in the soil with the diseased roots for winter and summer and survived in the soil for more than 10 years. In the disease-causing area, rape cultivation continued for a long time. The breeding of germs provides very favorable conditions. Second, due to the deterioration of the environment in recent years, long-term application of chemical fertilizers, chemical pesticides, etc., and no soil improvement, resulting in excessive soil acidity. The third is the large-scale promotion of hybrid rape varieties with poor resistance to root edodes, such as the noxious series (No. 6 and No. 7). The fourth is the change of climatic conditions. In recent years, the high temperature after transplanting rapeseed, coupled with large soil moisture, especially the low-lying plots of some fields and the incidence of severe disease after the water changed into dryland. Comprehensive prevention measures The clubroot disease is a soil-borne disease. Once it occurs, ordinary control methods and pharmaceuticals are difficult to achieve the desired control effect. Comprehensive measures are recommended. 1. Rotation: 5 years or more of rotation with non-cruciferous crops. 2. Use resistant varieties: try to reduce or reduce the cultivation of cruciferous crops. Even if cruciferous vegetables are to be planted, resistant varieties should be selected. 3, the selection of disease-free seedbeds and seedbed disinfection: Strictly selected drainage and irrigation, at least eight years without the cultivation of cruciferous gardens for seedbeds, and promote the use of nutrition seedlings nursery. Bed soil was sterilized using formalin (1:50). 4. Before transplanting, use lime water (add 0.2-0.3 kg of lime powder per barrel of water to dissolve) or Fumei double 1000 times liquid to dip root or use as set root water. When the diseased vegetable is found in the vegetable, it is necessary to pull out and burn it out in time, supplement the seedlings, and then use the lime water or carbendazim 500 times solution to irrigate the whole field, once every 15 days, and 2 times in succession. The diseased seedlings that have been removed must be brought out of the field and burned or disinfected with lime and formalin to be composted. 5, to strengthen the cultivation and management: the use of sorghum cultivation, ditching moisture, diligent cultivator, diligent weeding, reduce nitrogen fertilizer application, increasing the application of decomposed organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, in order to improve plant disease resistance. 6, the field to avoid large-scale application of chemical fertilizers to prevent soil acidification, the incidence of lime can be used to change the acidity, so that the soil was slightly alkaline to reduce the incidence. Generally 100-150 kg of lime per acre.