Pinellia is the peeling and drying tuber of Pinellia herbaceous perennial herbaceous plant Pinellia ternata, which is also known as trifoliate Pinellia, Pinellia ternate, three-step hop, and paralyzed head. With dampness, phlegm, vomiting, vomiting, eliminate sputum effect. Indications of phlegm and cough, wind phlegm, dizziness, vomiting nausea, chest tightness, plum nuclear gas and so on. First, characteristics Pinellia is a perennial herb with a plant height of 15 to 40 cm. Underground tubers are spheroidal or spherical, 1 to 3 cm in diameter. The leaves emerge from the top of the tubers, the seedlings often have single leaves, egg-shaped heart, the middle one is relatively large, the two sides are relatively small, the apex is acute, the base is wedge-shaped, has a short handle, the veins are pinnate and the veins are on the side. At the joint. A white bulbous shoot is found on the lower part of the petiole, sometimes with a leaf-shaped end, oval. Red berries when ripe. Second, cultivation technology 1. Site preparation. Pinellia is a shallow root herb that grows well and produces high yields in loose, organic matter-rich soils. Therefore, fertile sandy soil should be used for planting. Former crops are good for legumes and gramineous crops. Earthen compaction and thin ground growth are poor and yields are low. Saline-alkali land and waterlogged areas are not easy to grow. Before plowing the land, 250,000 to 4,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer or soil miscellaneous manure per acre and 15 to 20 kilograms of superphosphate are used as basal fertilizer. Deeply pour 20 centimeters into the soil and pound finely and level it to make it about 1 meter wide. 2. Planting methods (1) Breeding. Tubers and bulblets are mainly used, but seeds can also be propagated. A. Shoot bud propagation. After the mother tuber leaves the leaves, a single bud can be produced in the lower part of the petiole or at the base of the leaf, with a diameter of 0.3 to 1 cm, and the two ends are pointed and the middle is large. When the buds mature, they can be picked for seeding. B. Propagation of small tubers. In the 2 or 3 year old Pinellia sinensis, the small tubers sprouted can also be used as breeding materials. At the time of harvest, small tubers 0.7 to 1 cm in diameter were selected for seeding, mixed with moist sandy soil, and stored in a cool place for seeding. C. Seed breeding. 3 years after sowing, it can be harvested, but it is less used in production. (2) Planting. It can be carried out throughout the year, preferably in spring, and the sooner the springtime, the better. Drilling or broadcast can be. Drilling, first in the squatting on the spacing of 20 to 25 cm open 5 to 7 cm deep ditch, the tubers planted in the ditch, the spacing of 2 to 5 cm, with the amount of about 50 to 70 kg per mu. After sowing, the farmyard manure was rotted, then the manure was excreted, and the soil was finally covered with the earthworms. After the planting, the soil should maintain a certain humidity. When the soil is dry, it must be watered in time to facilitate seedling emergence. Such as seed breeding, sowing should be soaked before the ground, according to the spacing of 3 to 5 cm sowing, covered with 3 cm thick fine soil, and then cover the weeds, maintain a certain humidity, after 20 to 25 days to emerge. 3. Field management (1) Weeding and weeding. After the seedlings are flushed, the weeds should be promptly removed, and special lines should be used between the rows. The depth should not exceed 3 cm. Plant grass should be removed by hand. (2) Fertilization. In addition to the application of base fertilizer, in the middle growth period, especially before and after the “Little Fullâ€, Zhu Zhu Fei should be reapplied, such as cooked cake fertilizer, human and animal waste water, etc. If basal fertilizer is insufficient, the application of ammonium sulphate should be preceded by 10 to 15 kg per mu. "Summer" can also be topdressed once before cultivating soil. In the late growth period, foliar spraying of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 500PPM of triacontanol has a good effect of increasing production. (3) earth. The purpose of soil cultivation is to cover the bulbous buds, so that the bulbous buds will take root and germinate in the wet soil and form new plants as soon as possible. This is an important high-yield technical measure. After June, the buds on the petioles gradually matured and the seeds matured and fell to the ground with the withering of the plants. Therefore, the soil should be soiled once in early June and mid-July. Take fine soil from the trenches, sprinkle on the surface of the lotus root, about 1.5 to 2 cm in thickness, cover the buds and seeds, and then use the shovel to make solids. (4) Irrigation drainage. Ban Xixi is humid and afraid of drought. In the event of a long period of fine weather and drought, water should be promptly filled. If there is too much rain, attention should be paid to drainage. (5) pick buds. In addition to the need for seed propagation, the buds that are extracted during the growing season should be completely removed to reduce the nutrient consumption and promote the hypertrophy of the underground part, which is also one of the important measures to increase the yield. Third, pest and disease control 1. Leaf spot. When the onset of disease, there are purple-brown lesions on the leaves, and the plants gradually wither. Control methods: spray 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture or 65% dexamethasone 500 times before and at the beginning of the onset, and spray once every 7-10 days for 2 or 3 consecutive times. 2. Viral disease. The diseased plant leaf curls into a mosaic, and the plant is short and deformed. Control methods: remove diseased plants and eliminate the source of infection; 3. Tuber rot disease. Occurred in long-term water, after the onset of underground tuber rot, the ground part withered. More use of drainage drainage for prevention and control. 4. Red hawk moth: The larvae damage the leaves and bite them into nick-like or light-eating leaves. Control methods: Insect pests spray 90% trichlorfon 800 times or spray 40% dimethoate 1500 times. Fourth, harvesting and processing 1. Harvested. The experimental results show that the autumn harvest should be below 13 degrees in autumn, and the plan should be appropriate when the leaves begin to turn yellow. Pinellia tuber and bulbous buds were harvested in the current year or the second year; the Pinellia of the seed propagation was harvested in the third or fourth year. Choose sunny days, turn it over slightly, pick up more than 0.7 centimeters in diameter, use it as a medicinal herb or leave it as a seed. Stay too small in the soil, continue to cultivate, and then close again the following year. 2. Processing. Harvested Pinellia, 10-15 days after stacking indoors (should be shortened in summer high temperatures) peeled. Pinellia is first divided into large, medium and small grades. Each of them is served in baskets. Only half of each basket is placed on the water, and the skin is removed. The rinse is stopped when the Pinellia is clean. Remove and dry directly. During the operation, if you touch the Pinellia trifoliate by hand, you need to rub ginger or vegetable oil later to avoid poisoning.
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