Some traditional Chinese medicines are processed from insects. These kind of insects have high medicinal value, and we collect them when they are dead and use the medicinal way to process the whole body. They also plan an important role in traditional Chinese medicine area. Such as CICADAE PERIOSTRACUM and SCORPIO.
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The high-yield cultivation of edible fungi in plastic greenhouses is basically the same as the conventional cultivation techniques of edible fungi. However, the conditions of temperature, humidity, gas, and heat in greenhouses are different from those of conventional cultivation. Therefore, using these conditions to cultivate edible mushrooms, the following four points are favorable: 1. Warming and Insulation: Covering agricultural greenhouses in greenhouses in winter and spring, it can be warmed and kept warm. During low temperature freezing, the temperature inside the greenhouse will not fall below 5°C, and it will not cause freezing damage to the general edible fungi and cause death. . 2. Water conservation and fertilizer conservation: The evaporation rate of soil moisture in the shed is slow, and the water in the soil is kept for a long time. It is also not affected by external rainwater, and has strong fertilizer retention capacity. 3. Sunshade and sheltering sun: In the summer and autumn, two shade nets are placed on the greenhouse to cool down and shade. When the hottest, the temperature in the greenhouse will not rise above 36°C, and the edible mushrooms will not die due to the high temperature. 4. Rain and wind protection: The greenhouse covers the agricultural membrane and tightens the membrane to prevent rainwater from rinsing, and it can also prevent general weather damage. In the following, typical low-temperature varieties of shiitake mushrooms, typical high-temperature varieties of purple fungus, and most NT medium-temperature varieties of Pleurotus ostreatus are represented, using the methods of plastic bag cultivation to introduce comprehensive greenhouse cultivation techniques. (1) High-yield cultivation techniques for mushroom in greenhouse: 1. Preparation for cultivation: It takes about 90--120 days from inoculation to mushrooming. The whole growing period is about 300-330 days. It is usually prepared in the summer and autumn hot season under the condition of indoor temperature cooling (1734 cm, round) Fungi, mushrooms in the late autumn and early winter. The mycelial temperature range for mycelium growth is 3-32°C, the optimum temperature is 10-28°C, the fruiting temperature of the fruiting body is 5-25°C, the optimum temperature is 12--17°C, and the cultivation method is bed frame type. In a shed, six rows of cultivation beds with a width of 65 cm are arranged. The main walkway is 50 cm wide and the other walkways are 35 cm wide. The middle bed frame is divided into upper and middle floors, and the package floor is 3-dimensional. Both sides of the bed frame a layer of bed surface, the package floor is 2 layers. There are no bed frames in the two rows of beds on either side of the shed, only on the ground E. The distance between every two floors is 50-60 cm, the height of the bed is 20cm, and the bed of the bed can be lined with red brick arches. The entire greenhouse is flat with red brick or flattened and replanted with mushrooms. The cultivation method can be divided into two kinds: solid seed cultivation or liquid bacterial cultivation. The main measures are: Beveled parent species - Original species (Vaccinated species) - (Liquid cultivars) - Cultivation bag species release from bags - Growth and color transformation of bacterial culture - Management of mushroom - Harvested. Before the bacteria are discharged, first put a mulch on the surface of the bed, first pad one side, and then unseal the bacteria and place them in rows on the bed surface. After laying a bed surface, cover the other side of the plastic film on the block, do not cover the tight, easy to ventilate. After carefully cultivating, until the color, mushroom, until after harvest bed membrane was removed. 2. Turn color, mushroom management before the mushroom, the mycelium has a period of physiological changes in color, during this period, the shelf temperature should be maintained at 20-23 °C, but also to cover the film to ventilate, heat preservation. To prevent the high temperature, high humidity brought about by the steep growth of mycelium, the formation of thick bacilli, affecting the yield and quality. If conditions are right, it takes about 10 days from bag removal to color change. After turning color, the fungus grows from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. This period is called the mushrooming period. In the case of (1) Autumn Winter Mushroom (October-December), because the temperature of the greenhouse is too high, it is necessary to remove the membrane and reduce the temperature. The long-term maintenance of the greenhouse temperature is between 10-15°C. For each harvest, the bed membrane should be opened for a short time to promote development. (2) Mushroom (January-February) At this time, the temperature is low, and the mycelium grows slowly. It is appropriate to spray water on the ground for sunny days, usually based on insulation. (3) Spring Mushrooms (from March to June) The first step is to infuse the bacteria with water content of 60%. The second is to control the greenhouse temperature and maintain the temperature difference between day and night at 20-25°C to 10-1 5°C, which is the temperature difference at 10°C. After the temperature rises, the film can be removed properly. (B) purple fungus cultivation techniques points: Development conditions: purple auricular broad adaptability, mycelium can grow normally between 5-39 °C, fruiting body is 0-42 °C, purple fungus like high temperature, high humidity, oxygen requirements are not strict, anoxic environment, still Can grow normally. The mycelium culture should be carried out in the dark, because under strong light scattering, it will mature prematurely and affect the yield. The fruiting bodies can thrive under high temperature, high humidity and strong light, and the ears are large and hypertrophic. The color is purple to violet-brown and the quality is good, so it can be used for the four seasons cultivation. 2. Cultivation methods: There are three kinds, all using 1734 cm of tube material, two inoculated, and then cultivated. 1 bed frame type: Set the bed frame way with mushrooms. Then the ends of the bag are tied tightly with ropes, and the surface of the bag is marked with 4-5 longitudinal slits with a blade, which can be discharged (the same below). Generally, the bag is placed on the bed frame. After being filled, the plastic film needs to be covered with a plastic film. . 2 Hanging type: In the shed, a row of wooden piles are arranged, and the bacteria bags are hung on the wooden piles. The distance between them is determined and the aisle can be managed. The bag of bacteria is pegged to the top of the pile one by one. The distance between the bags is 5 centimeters. The lower part of the pile can be laid horizontally. Afterwards, every 3 to 5 rows of piles can be covered with a whole piece of plastic film. 3 sand and sand type: There are a number of rectangular shallow pits that do not leak water, top sand, thickness 5-10 cm, this method is best applied under high temperature and drought conditions. Before the discharge, the sand layer should be filled with enough water to discharge the bacteria bags. A wooden frame with a certain height can also be set above the surface of the crop. The plastic bag can be hung to increase the production volume, and the rows can be completely covered with a large block. 3. Four Seasons Management 1 Spring: Warming the bacteria bag in indoor warming before winter and releasing mushrooms in early spring. The greenhouse temperature is controlled at 25-30°C during the day and above 5-10°C during the night. Spraying water in the greenhouse during sunny days reduces the temperature of the greenhouse, but it does not drop too low, while the water and vapor absorb heat and store. Released at night to increase the temperature of the shed. This is to extend the shelf temperature above 15°C and promote the growth of purple fungus. 2 Summer: The temperature changes from low to high, which is beneficial to high temperature resistant purple fungus cultivation. Mainly cooling and moisturizing, first, remove the shed film, cover the second floor shade net, and second, spray moisturizing, can make the greenhouse temperature drop 4-8 °C, and promote growth. 3 autumn: In order to cultivate the golden season of purple fungus, it is still necessary to cool and moisturize the early autumn, cover the insulation of the shed film in late autumn, and remove the membrane to cool down when the temperature is high, so as to obtain high yield and stable production. 4 Winter: Utilize the bag of natural temperature culture in the fall and discharge it in early winter. On sunny days, it is appropriate to remove the film and cool it, and it is necessary to keep the film warm during stormy days. The low temperature in late winter can strengthen the management of temperature rise and try to extend the temperature above 15°C to promote growth. (3) The main technical points of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation 1. Development conditions: Pleurotus ostreatus with high, medium, low temperature type and wide temperature type several species, mycelial growth temperature is 5-36 °C, fruiting body is 5-30 °C, usually 8-18 °C, the best seed production The period is from September to April-May. Pleurotus ostreatus is tolerant to moisture and can be directly sprayed on the bacteria bag and mushroom body during cultivation. During the development of its fruit body, sufficient oxygen is required. Therefore, the front and rear doors and the lifting of the shed film are often opened during cultivation to reduce the aeration of the skirt membrane. 2. Cultivation methods: There are 3 kinds, all use 2244 cm bag, two inoculation, fruiting. 1 Bed frame type: The bed frame is set with the mushroom, the discharge bacteria bag, the spacing is not less than 5 centimeters, only discharges one layer, both ends and the cracks can be the mushroom. 2 wall type: on the bed frame like a wall type, the bacteria bag code into the wall type, a bed surface can be stacked into two bags of walls, the same length as the bed, a height of about 3 bacteria bag diameter, vertical structure. Only two mushrooms. 3 ground type: do not use the bed frame, bacteria bags piled directly into the wall in the shed, the same length and shed, the height is high without falling for the degree, the middle high, both sides low, similar to the shed. 3. Mouth Season Management 1 Fall (October-December): Medium- and wide-temperature varieties were selected. In early October, the control of the discharge of bacteria and mushroom management began. The main management measures are cooling, ventilation, and moisturizing. It is necessary to maintain the shelf temperature between 8 and 18°C. 2Winter (January-February): Choose low-temperature and wide-temperature varieties. The main management measures are heat preservation, ventilation and moisturizing, and extend the temperature of the greenhouse as much as 8-18°C during the day. 3 Spring (March-June): Selection of medium and high temperature varieties. In the early stage, we use insulation and ventilation—mainly in terms of heat-preservation measures, followed by cooling in the later stage—ventilation—maintaining insulation measures. 4 Summer (July-September): Use high-temperature varieties. Remove the shed film, cover the shade net, the main management measures for cooling, so that the greenhouse temperature dropped below 28 °C, while strengthening the management of water, often spray water cooling and moisturizing, in order to promote high yield. (D) Edible fungus plastic greenhouse cultivation anniversary production plan: From edible mushroom cultivation tillering, mushroom cultivation season is from October to next June, from July to October can not grow mushrooms. Although the purple water ear can be planted throughout the year, in the low temperature season (January to February), the management of heat preservation and mushroom production is difficult and the yield is not high. Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated in all seasons in greenhouses, but in the summer (July-September) cultivation, it will affect the yield increase due to the difficulty of cooling the mushrooms. Therefore, special proposals have been made for the use of greenhouses to cultivate edible fungi throughout the year. l. Mushrooms purple fungus type: that is, the use of high-temperature varieties of purple fungus, cultivation in July-October, filling the vacancy of mushrooms. 2. Pleurotus ostreatus purple fungus Pleurotus type: that is, with a typical high temperature resistant purple fungus varieties, in the high temperature and dry season to replace the mushroom, for the four seasons cultivation. 3. Purple fungus - Flammulina velutipes - purple fungus type: Flammulina is a typical low-temperature varieties, and short fruiting period, can be cultivated at low temperatures in winter, to replace purple fungus cultivation. However, the mushroom is dim or requires very little scattered light. Therefore, only increase the number of shade nets or cover it with black plastic film, and use light-insensitive mushroom species for cultivation to solve this problem.