Corn smut, commonly known as melanoma. Corn smut, commonly known as Umi, gray bag, black sorghum. These two diseases are very common and very serious diseases on corn. The general incidence is about 50%, and the severely affected lands can be as high as 60% or more. In 1998, these two kinds of diseases were commonly found in maize planted at Nanmenwai Village, Changling Town, Changling County, Jilin Province. The incidence rate was 20% to 40%, including 0.4 hectares of corn belonging to the farmer Chen Guofa of the Second Society. The incidence rate of 47.2% caused a serious reduction in production.

1. Symptoms: The tumors of different sizes are mainly produced in corn stems, ears, male inflorescences, leaves and grains. At the beginning of the tumor, the outer layer was covered with a layer of shiny gray film, and soon it ruptured, leaving a large amount of dark brown powder (the chlamydospore of the pathogen). After the ear is infested, the grain is not full, and even the entire ear becomes a melanoma and no heading. When the leaves and stalks are victimized, rice or bean-sized nodules are formed, causing the diseased plants to grow short.

2. Causes of the disease: The pathogens overwintered in the soil, on the surface of the soil, and on the diseased straw by the chlamydospore, which became the primary source of infection for the onset of corn in the following year. The pathogenic spores spread by wind and fell on various parts of the corn plant. Generally at high temperatures. Humidity, heavy earthworms, severe corn borer damage, and high corn plant damage are the highest.

3. Control methods: (1) Select varieties with strong disease resistance; (2) Cut off the diseased plants as early as possible before maturation of corn plants, and remove them from the field; (3) Implement a rotation system for more than three years to reduce the chance of pathogen infestation; 4 The application of fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer; 5 In the 10 days before the male tasseling, spraying with 50% of DM WP 500 to 800 times can reduce reinfection of smut. It can also be sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture, which can play a protective role.

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