Black fungus is a traditional food and drug dual-use fungus, which has both high-protein (high-glucose) and trace elements and other nutrients, but also refreshing and delicious, crisp and pleasant taste, and Qingfei Yiqi, Ziyin strong body, Blood and blood circulation and other curative effects have been used as necessary health foods by high- dust workers such as textiles, mines, hairdressing, sanitation, and first-line teachers. Their market prices are getting higher and higher. In 2004, the market price of artificially cultivated black fungus reached 60 yuan per kg. The high quality of goods can reach more than 80 yuan, coupled with the increasing demand in the international market, its production efficiency and its market prospects are very promising. Third, the base material processing and cultivation formula A urinary tract infection (UTI) affects your urinary tract. That`s the system though which your body gets rid of waste and extra water. Urinary Tract Infection Test Strips Urinary Tract Infection Test Strips,Urinalysis Test Paper,Keto Strips,Keto Test Strips Changchun Medicon Technology Development Co., Ltd , https://www.jlmdk.com
First, the arrangement of the cultivation season. Black fungus is a kind of wood rot fungus, which belongs to medium and high temperature type mushrooms. Its mycelium growth temperature range is 6-35°C, and the best is 22-28°C. General ear germination and growth temperature range is 15-35°C. The optimum temperature is 20-28°C. According to this characteristic, in general, the northeastern region can be arranged for ear exposure from June to August, and protective cultivation can be extended in both directions for 1-2 months to form two batches of feed: North China, with Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, and Henan as the center. Regions can be eared every year from April to June and from August to October; areas south of the Yangtze River can be eared in March to September and September to November respectively. However, due to differences in geography, climate, cultivation patterns, cultivation sites, and management techniques, the specific cultivation time should be self-adjusting and should not be applied.
The production of strains. Generally speaking, it should be carried forward for about 3 months according to the planned earshot time, and it should be operated step by step according to the primary, secondary and tertiary production procedures. However, research and development work in recent years found that the cultivation of black fungus, most of the time no longer produce third-grade strains, but directly use the second strain for cultivation and sowing, this can save about 40 days, so push forward about 2 Months can be. Production should be strictly checked for miscellaneous management.
Bacteria production. According to the planned ear, the general advancement can be about 45 days. However, it should be based on the base material, formula, incubation temperature, the amount of material loaded, and the characteristics of the strain and other conditions to be measured.
Second, the selection of strains (strains). In areas where traditional black fungus are grown, such as in northeastern China, there are “study types†that adapt to local conditions. However, in non-main producing areas and new production areas, when there is no family, they should consult in earnest and try to use local or local The conditions are similar to the strains in the area, and ear tests and comparison tests should be arranged as far as possible under the possible conditions. The strains that performed well in recent years in Shandong Province include Agricultural Section 108, Hybrid No. 6, Agricultural Section 62, Black 88, Black 22 and others.
1. Base material treatment: Select raw materials such as broad-leaved sawdust without mildew, and after formulating, remove 3D nutrient essences from edible fungi, add water and mix well, and build bulk materials according to the texture of the raw materials and the temperature at that time. -4 days, make it fully absorb water, soften, avoid wood chips spikes pierce the plastic bag, and under the appropriate moisture and heap temperature conditions, some of the spores germinate, and help to improve the sterilization effect. After the suffocation is over, the stockpiles are spread out and mixed while cooling down. After dissolving three-dimensional nutrition essence of edible mushroom into water, evenly spray it in the material and mix well. Then adjust the base material moisture content at about 63%, pH value at 7-7.5, material temperature below 28°C or room temperature When it is time, it can be bagged.
2. Formulation Formula 1: Wood chips 220 kg, wheat bran 30 kg, sucrose 1.5 kg, superphosphate 5 kg, gypsum powder 3 kg, urea 0.8 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 kg, 1 bag for success, 3D nutrition for edible fungi Semen (mixed type) 1 bag. Material ratio 1:1.6-1.8.
Recipe 2: wood chips 160 kg, cotton seed shell 60 kg, wheat bran 30 kg, sucrose 1.5 kg, superphosphate 5 kg, gypsum powder 3 kg, urea 0.6 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 kg, to ensure success 1 bag, edible fungi Three-dimensional nutrition essence (mixing type) 1 bag. Material ratio 1:1.6-1.8.
Fourth, bacteria bags production. There are many methods and modes for artificial cultivation of black fungus. The production of the fungus bag should be determined according to the cultivation mode, and cannot be generalized.
1. Fungus bag and its adaption mode (1) Long bacteria bar: polypropylene plastic bag with a width of 17-20 cm and a length of 80 cm is used for mechanical loading, and the two ends are tied, and the high pressure is 0.15 MPa for sterilization for 2 hours, or Sterilize for 10-12 hours. If the sterilization stove can be charged more than 500kg, the sterilization time must be extended accordingly. The rod-shaped cultivation mode is a mushroom shed, an ear-like ear, and an imitated wood cultivation. Since the bacilli are not easy to handle, they are rarely used.
(2) Small bacteria bags: Polypropylene plastic bags with a width of 17-20 cm and a length of 35 cm are used. The cultivation mode is a shelf-type two-eared ear, and the ear-emission cycle is long due to a small number of ears and a small surface, and because of the influence of two plastic films, the formation of a longer ear (handle) base affects the yield and the quality of the product. It is rarely used.
(3) Large Bacteria Bags: Polypropylene plastic bags with a width of 20-28 cm and a length of 45 cm are generally used. They are the same size as Pleurotus ostreatus bags, and are punctured at two ends. The big bag cultivation mode is a shelf-style ear, suitable for intensive production, but due to the higher one-time investment in sheds and racks, it is suitable for imitation factories and producers with investment ability.
(4) vertical bacteria bags. Generally, polypropylene bottom-sealing plastic bags with a width of 20-28 cm and a length of 30-35 cm are used. Each bag is loaded with 0.5-0.7 kg. The cultivation mode is to plant (adapt to the northeast region) and the bed frame mode. From a practical point of view, the production of black fungus in Shandong and other places is mainly based on this kind of bacteria bag.
2. Inoculation. Generally, the inoculation method can be determined according to the size of the bacteria bag or the amount of the material. For example, the micro-inoculation bag can be inoculated in two ways; the vertical bacteria bag can be inoculated one at a time, or the “Plum blossom inoculation method†can be used, that is, it can be used throughout the bag. Four rows of about 6 inoculation holes, after the accession strains are sealed with tape; long bacteria and large bacteria bags can be filled with 2-3 kg per bag, bacteria bags have a large surface area, must use "Plum breeding method", specific inoculation The number of holes can be determined according to the amount of seed used, the time of germination, and the like.
3, bacteria management. The training room was cleaned in advance, and the ground was arranged as planned. Carrot disinfection was performed on 20-30 times of diseased king of mushrooms or 800 times of disease without trace. After the spraying, the culture room (shed) was sealed, and after 2 days, the bacterial bag could be moved into the fungus administration. The discharge of bacteria bags depends on the temperature at that time and the size of the bacteria bags. Vertical bacteria bags and small bacteria bags can discharge 6-10 layers because of their shortness. The large bacteria bags and long bacteria rods can adopt a well-shaped discharge method. , Generally not more than six layers, but when the temperature is lower than 18 °C, you can properly increase about two layers. During the germination period, the temperature should be controlled at 22°C or above, preferably around 25°C. The air humidity should be about 75%. Ventilate once every 2 days or so, and seal the light. On the third day of culture, the inoculation block can germinate, and about 10 days, the mycelium grows faster, heat is generated in the bag, and carbon dioxide is emitted. Therefore, after 10 days of germination, the amount of ventilation should be gradually increased, and the temperature can be appropriately reduced. After the 20th day of germination, due to the peak activity of mycelia, the increase of biomass makes the product temperature within the bag also reach the highest, so ventilation management should be strengthened. During the germination period, in combination with management, check out impurities should be taken as the key point, and it is found that different color bags such as red, yellow, black and gray should be removed for further processing. Specific reference can be made to bacteria and other fungi management, will not repeat them.
4, after the hyphae cooked. Usually about 40 days or so, you can complete the bacteria. At this time, do not rush to enter the ear stage. Conditions such as temperature and humidity should be controlled so that the bag can be transferred to the ripening period to continue germination so as to continue to decompose the base material, increase biomass, and store ears. Energy, in order to achieve management once it enters the ear, can produce explosive production effects. Under normal conditions, the temperature and humidity can be reduced as much as possible, and the ventilation can be enhanced. After about 10 days, when the temperature is low, it can be extended to more than 20 days. It can be found that the primordium appears at the inoculation block of most bacteria bags. At this time, you can turn to ear management.
V. Ear management
1, the room (shed) horizontal ear. That is, the three-dimensional cultivation mode, the small bacteria bags lateral row high, unlimited number of layers, the formation of the form of bacteria wall, wall spacing of 0.8-1 meters for the road, two ears. The control of temperature is mainly based on water spray and ventilation. When the temperature is low, auxiliary measures such as warming can be used, but attention should be paid to the problem of carbon dioxide concentration.
2, mushroom holder long rod ears. To construct the north-south bacterium in advance, about 1 meter in width and about 10 centimeters in depth, and 60 to 80 centimeters in distance for the sclerotinia; the inside and outside of the sacral area will be hit by 40 centimeters along the edge of the fence, about 50 centimeters high. The piles are connected to each other with wooden sticks or iron wires, and the fungus sticks are inclined at an angle of 80 degrees on wooden sticks or iron wires with an interval of 15-25 centimeters; the water is poured into the pots to let the bacteria sticks naturally absorb water; the management and harvesting are performed at the operation The road can be completed. The number of V-shaped ears out of the whole body of the fungus bar can be determined according to the diameter and length of the fungus bar. Generally, about 12 cm in diameter and 50 cm in length, the fungus can be cut approximately 12 times, and the length of the cut is generally controlled. About 1.5cm can be, and do not open or tear the plastic film. Other specific management measures can be flexibly controlled according to the characteristics of the fungus strain and seasonal conditions.
3, room (shelf) inner shelf type ears. Shelf type ears, can be the whole body of the bag, can also be upward ears. Large bags of bacteria and vertical bags of bacteria can be worn out from the whole body; small bags of bacteria can be cut into two small vertical bags of bacteria and taken upwards. Shelf height is generally about 1.6 meters, each layer is about 30 centimeters high, the standard is 5-10 centimeters higher than the bacteria bag, to facilitate the operation. The use of large bacteria bags or vertical bacteria bags, the whole ear culture mode, can also be used upright ear bags up ears. However, the former occupy a larger area, while the latter has a slower ear and a longer management cycle, and has advantages and disadvantages. Management focus: Due to the large number of bacteria bags, the control of the temperature, humidity, and especially air conditions in the room (shed) must be strict. In addition, attention must be paid to the regulation of light intensity.
4, mushroom shed bag ear. The use of small bacteria cultivation methods, vertical bacteria bags can be. First, set up the column in the shed, and fix the wooden stick or wire at intervals of about 40 cm. After referring to the long bacterial rod, the fungus bag will be treated with a thin wire or plastic laceration membrane to suspend the bacteria bag on a wooden rod or wire. Generally can hang 4-6 layers. This method can effectively use the mushroom shed space, which is conducive to intensive management. However, due to the unfixed and high suspension of the hanging bag, the moisture loss of the base material is large, and there are also many inconveniences during operation. Focus of attention: Strengthen moisture management and ventilation management.
5, outdoor single ear. In the northeast region, it is called "land planting". It is a method in which the vertical bacterium bags are arranged on the ground at intervals of about 20 cm, and the V-shaped mouth is cut to make it appear as a whole. The greatest advantage of this cultivation mode is that there is no need to build mushroom sheds, no ventilation and light management, and to save upfront investment and reduce labor. However, due to the relatively large number of diseases and insect pests in open-air cultivation, water management has also become a management priority. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a water spray pipe to grasp the number of water sprays and the amount of water spray according to climatic conditions.
Six, harvest processing. Under normal circumstances, black fungus from the original base to harvest, takes about 20 days. When the white back of the fungus is found to have become white and white appears at the base of the ear, it can be confirmed that it has matured and should be harvested in time. If harvested earlier, despite the high quality of fungus, but affecting yield; if harvested too late, not only will reduce the yield, affect the quality, but also due to a large number of projectile spores cause pests, and even the ear, causing unnecessary losses. When harvesting, it should be taken from the base, that is not to leave the ear, but also try not to bring down the base material.
Fresh ears harvested should be promptly dried. When the spring fungus is harvested, it can be dried in the sun. The method is to put the fungus in a single piece and try not to overlap so as to prevent adhesion. When conditional or autumnal harvesting, drying methods should be used as far as possible to discharge the fresh ear pieces on the drying screen. The drying room temperature starts from 45°C, rises about 5°C every 1-1.5 hours, and no longer reaches 65°C. Raise it until it dries, then allow it to naturally regain moisture, and then store it in a package. Fungus transport packaging, such as wooden boxes or cardboard boxes as well as possible, do not use sacks or large plastic bags, so as not to affect the commodity rate after the fungus broken.
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