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2. Why to promote mechanized conservation tillage Currently, the main constraints of agricultural development in northern China are low rainfall, severe drought, lack of groundwater resources, and even more serious is the deterioration of the ecological environment, the increasing desertification, and the increasing frequency of dust storms. high. There are a large number of reasons for this state of wasteland destruction and destruction of forest and grass vegetation, and it is also closely related to traditional farming methods. For example, inappropriate farming practices such as burning firewood, plowing ploughs and wintering, and bare wintering are used in the agricultural areas. Although the tillage operation can loosen the soil, turn over the fertilizer and weeds, and crush the soil, the exposed loose surface will inevitably cause the evaporation and runoff of the water to increase, and the dust will rise. According to experts' research, the formation of dust storms in the Beijing-Tianjin region accounts for about 70% of the sand source comes from the unseasonally farmland in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Hebei in winter and spring. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously promote conservation tillage techniques that can protect farmland, control dust storms, and increase the ability to resist drought and increase income.
3. Technical contents of mechanized conservation tillage The main technical contents of conservation tillage include four items: First, cancel the plough ploughing, implement no tillage or pine cultivating, and prevent the land from being exposed and leisure after plowing; second, use the surface of the field. Straw residues cover, protect the land from wind erosion and water erosion; the third is the use of a special no-tillage planter to cover the land for seeding fertilization operations; fourth is to control weeds and pests and diseases.
Fourth, the role and benefits of mechanized conservation tillage
1. Eco-environmental benefits. Reduce soil erosion by 80%, reduce farmland dust, and suppress dust storms.
2. Drought-producing benefits. Reduce surface runoff by 60%, increase soil water storage by 15% to 19%, increase water use efficiency by 17% to 21%, and wheat and corn increase by an average of 15 to 17%.
3. Fertilizer fertility benefits. The annual increase of soil organic matter was 0.03%, and the available nitrogen and potassium were increased; soil properties were improved.
4. Cost-effectiveness. Reduce operating procedures, reduce production costs by 10 to 15%, and increase farmers' income by 20 to 30%.
1. What is mechanized conservation tillage? Mechanized conservation tillage technology is a farming technique that relies on machinery to cover a large amount of straw residue on the ground, implement hard tilling and fertilization, and use chemical drugs to control weeds and diseases and pests. The technical essence is to rely on crop residues to cover the surface, reduce tillage and no-tillage, protect soil, reduce soil erosion, wind erosion, and evaporation of surface moisture, reduce labor, mechanical equipment and energy input, make full use of natural resources, and realize the social and economic benefits of agricultural production. The organic integration of ecological benefits achieves the goal of sustainable development.