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Regarding radiation, not all energy is expressed in the form of light, although it can be transformed into light through a multi-step transformation and all energy can be converted into light (or in a better term: radiation). But be aware that all light is just an energy beam. There is actually a good definition of light, and now we use radiation as a generic term to describe it, which includes both visible and invisible light. For all radiation, it is a common phenomenon that often occurs. It is also just the result of a large number of energy packets (not gathered) transmitted in space at a speed of 300,000 km/s. This speed of travel will vary depending on the media you pass through. These energy packs are called photons and their actions resemble waves. In fact, all speeds are the same when they are run in a vacuum. They all have one of the most essential different characteristics, and that is their wavelength. These energy packs can be described by their wavelengths, which are defined, starting from a very, very small wavelength, such as 10 billionths of a meter, to ten kilometers or even longer! ! Still further, if these energy packets (photons) with different wavelengths operate at the same speed (light speed), and they have different wavelengths, they will cause them to vibrate at different frequencies (such as waves). ). The frequency of this vibration is called the frequency. For example, a photon with a wavelength of 10 kilometers will vibrate at 100,000 times per second, and another photon with a wavelength of 1 kilometer will vibrate at a frequency of 300,000 times per second. A photon with a wavelength of one meter will vibrate at a frequency of 300 million times per second. Its frequency is 300 million. What about photons with one centimeter of photons, one millimeter, one micrometer, and one nanometer of photons? Of course, you can calculate that the shorter the wavelength of a photon, the higher the frequency and the more energy. If you think about it, whether it is most harmful to crops, humans and animals in the spectrum is short-wavelength ultraviolet light, X-rays, gamma rays, cosmic light, and so on. The first picture shows the radiation that Earth receives from the outer atmosphere. The rays we usually get from the sun actually include all the celestial particles and all other things that we can think of outside the atmosphere from the solar system. Celestial bodies. It is very important that this figure be expressed in the form of energy. The X-axis is the wavelength in nanometers, a tiny unit that is only one billionth of a meter (or one thousandth of a micrometer you can imagine), from zero to 2800, which is 2.8 microns. The 2.8-micron wavelength has reached the so-called far-infrared region of purpose, and the heat released by the object itself can reach 150°C. Therefore, the more energy a radiating object radiates, and the wavelength of the radiation is prominently short while the frequency is extremely high. In this figure we notice that the distribution of this energy from the sun to the outer space is completely inconsistent. Many of the energy we receive comes from the wavelength region of visible light. Visible light is PAR, which is the active area of ​​photosynthesis—the radiation needed for plant photosynthesis. If we add near-infrared (NIR) to 1200 nm, then there will be more than 80 percent of the energy coming from outer space. The formula for the conversion of radiation values ​​into energy values ​​is E=hμ (the Greek letter for the radiation frequency, h is Planck's constant). It can be seen that doubling each photon frequency doubles the energy. For example, a photon with a wavelength of 800 nanometers, which is slightly beyond our eye chemistry receptor, is in the infrared region that our eyes cannot see. It has half the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 400 nanometers. This photon is what we can see. UV rays. A 400-nm photon has twice the frequency of an 800-nanometer photon, so its energy is twice that of the frequency. Why is the energy of outer space concentrated in the infrared part of the visible light area? This is because the radiation of the object is directly related to the temperature of the object, and the vast majority of what we get from outer space comes from the sun. The temperature of the sun is from the external 3000°C to the internal 8000°C. The closer to the core, the closer the temperature is. At 12000°C or higher leads to X-rays and UV rays, etc. The position where the left reaches zero is only illustrative. There should be no zero on the left and right. There will always be a very small amount of long-wave radiation (that is, some very cool and cool objects) on the right and there will always be some high-energy radiation (cosmic lines and similar to strong stars or Very distant super hot body) on the left. For IR membranes (insulating membranes that block the transmission of long-wave infrared light), users ask the question: If the membrane blocks heat energy (far-infrared) from spilling out of the greenhouse, then can it prevent it from entering the greenhouse from outside? If they knew something about the chart, they would not ask this question again, because they would understand that no heat (infrared) enters the greenhouse. There are 99% of the infrared (heat) in the greenhouse is formed in the greenhouse. Therefore, the insulation film is mainly to prevent the escape of heat. The heat energy in a greenhouse absorbs energy in objects (soil, crops, skeletons, and even air) in a greenhouse after being bombarded with high-energy radiation photons such as visible light, near-infrared rays, and ultraviolet rays, and warms objects (soil, crops, etc.). And it releases the infrared wave from its heated body surface. Therefore, a greenhouse is a place where visible light and high-energy rays are indirectly converted into heat energy. This phenomenon is not only in the greenhouse, but everywhere on the surface of the earth.