Autumn potato cultivation techniques

In recent years, the area of ​​autumn potato in our province has gradually increased. However, due to improper selection of varieties and poor cultivation techniques, the yield of autumn potatoes in our province is generally not high. Therefore, it is very important to grasp the following technical points.

First, use early-maturing varieties. The growth period of the autumn potato is short, and the growth period is not long. It is necessary to select the varieties that are suitable for early planting and shorter dormancy periods in the fall, such as Zhongshu No. 3, Feiwreitiao, Dongnong 303, Kexin No. 4, and early Dabai, Zhengshu No.6 and other early-maturing varieties.

Second, seed soaking before sowing. Germination treatment is the key to the success or failure of autumn potato production. Autumn sowing potato seeds, it is best to use a small whole potato (50 grams) sowing is better, so that when sowing in the case of high temperature and rainy weather, large potato cuts do not sterilize a large number of bad potatoes.

Germination method: Generally, whole potato germination is soaked with 10-15 ppm gibberellin solution for 20-30 minutes; cuttings and germination are soaked for 15 minutes with a 5-10 ppm gibberellin (90%) solution. Then use 70% thiophanate-methyl 500-fold or mix the ash to disinfect the tubers and dry them to germination. When soaking, first use a small amount of alcohol to dissolve the gibberellin, and then add water to dilute to the required concentration. Put the seed potato into the pot or net bag and then soak in the liquid. After soaking, remove the seed potatoes on the sand bed (bed width 100 cm, sand thickness 5 cm), spread the thickness of the potato block to be about 20 cm, and then cover the wet sand above and around 5 cm thick . When the buds grow to about 2 cm in length, they are planted and placed in a shaded place with scattered light. After 2 or 3 days, they are selected for sunny morning or early evening sowing.

Note: When soaking seed germination, the concentration of gibberellin solution should be strictly formulated. The gibberellin solution should be used with it and avoid overnight use. In addition, the accumulation of seed potatoes should not be too thick, otherwise it is easy to cause bad potatoes.

Third, grasp the sowing date and density. The sowing time in our province is optional from mid-August to late-September. In August, when the temperature is high and it is rainy, the water in the field can easily cause rotten potatoes and affect the emergence and plant growth. Therefore, after the rain, water should be promptly removed and cultivating in order to facilitate emergence. The general planting density is 5000-6000 strains per acre, and the amount per acre is 150-180 kg. A narrow row of narrow rows is conducive to earth-cultivation. The spacing is 40 centimeters, the hole spacing is 25 centimeters, stem buds are downwards, and the cover soil thickness is about 5 centimeters. When the seedling height is about 15 centimeters, it will increase the soil permeability and increase the temperature difference between day and night, which will be favorable for high quality and high yield.

Fourth, scientific formula potassium fertilizer. Apply base fertilizer. Generally, 1000-1500 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied per acre, and a special compound fertilizer (9:9:7) of 60-80 kg, or 45% of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied at the same time. Special attention should be paid to the use of more potassium fertilizer. When potassium fertilizer is applied, potassium sulfate should be used as a good method. Potassium chloride should not be applied.

Fifth, strengthen field management.

1, drought relief. Autumn potato plots must be capable of energy irrigation. After sowing, in case of continuous high temperature and dry weather, straw or wheat straw can be used to cover the surface of the mound to reduce soil temperature, timely irrigation, and promote germination; timely drainage in case of heavy rain, avoid rotten Kind, rotten seedlings.

2, amount of top dressing. After emergence, combined with cultivating loose soil, Mushi urea 10 to 15 kg, to promote the seedlings grow faster; in the middle and late period with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and root swelling protein for spraying 1 to 2 times.

3. Pedestal training. After the seedlings reach the buds, the cultivator loosens the soil 2 or 3 times, prevents weeds, breaks the knots, and cultivates thick pods, which creates good soil loosening conditions for potato growth, so as to help increase the tuber rate and the quality of the tubers.

Six, prevention and control of pests and diseases. The main disease is late blight, and insect pests are mainly underground pests and aphids.

Prevention and treatment of late blight: During the whole growth period of autumn potato, it must be controlled three times. Prevention and control agents, the efficacy of alternate use of several different agents is good, the first time in the potato group stage, with 52.2% inhibition fast net control, the second time in the early flowering period of potato 72% Kelu control, the third time In the flowering period, 68.75% silver fabili was used for prevention and treatment.

Underground pest control: can be combined with soil preparation, mu 200 ml phoxim, mixed with soil control; aphids can be used in the occurrence period of 40% of omethoate EC 1000 ~ 2000 times spray control.

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