Prevention and control of pests in crop seed depots should follow the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control”, as in the control of pests in crops in the field. Specific measures used in comprehensive prevention and control include sanitation, plant quarantine, physical and mechanical control, biological control, and chemical control. . Based on the entire warehouse ecological system, rational use of various control measures to achieve the purpose of controlling the growth and spread of pests, spreading and safeguarding seed security. Here only the fumigation method commonly used in chemical control is discussed. 1 Fumigants (as an example of aluminum phosphide) and their principle of insecticidal use Fumigants must be characterized by high permeability, high control efficiency, and ease of ventilation and loss. When seeds and insect pests have occurred and other control measures are ineffective, they can be used. Fumigant fumigation. However, the fumigation within the moisture specified by the seed classification criteria must not exceed two times. Common fumigants are aluminum phosphide (note fire), chloropicrin (banned peanuts), methyl bromide, dichloroethane (generally mixed with carbon tetrachloride, 3 parts of dichloroethane, 4 parts of carbon tetrachloride) ). The most widely used fumigant in production is aluminum phosphide. Its prevention and control principle is that aluminum phosphide absorbs moisture in the air at room temperature to produce phosphine (PH3) gas, which has strong penetrating power and can kill the outside of the seed pile and Internal pests. The dosage form of aluminum phosphide mainly consists of two kinds: tablet and powder. The content of aluminum phosphide in the powder is 85% to 90%, which is light gray-green solid powder; the tablet is made of aluminum phosphide powder, ammonium carbamate, Magnesium stearate is mixed with paraffin and pressed. The content of aluminum phosphide is 58%-60%. Each tablet weighs about 3g, producing about 1g of phosphine gas. 2 Fumigation procedures and technical requirements 2.1 Preparation of fumigation Investigate the density and species of insect pests on the site, the pest stage and the main active habitat, species, quantity, use, moisture content, storage time, stacking form, seed temperature, storage temperature, The air temperature, humidity, etc., the tightness of the structure of the warehouse facilities, the distance between the internal machinery and equipment, and the distance between four neighbors' houses. Combine with the recent weather forecast, measure the volume of warehouses and seed piles, and determine the application amount. According to the site investigation, a comprehensive analysis was made to formulate a fumigation plan. For example, a warehouse with poor sealing performance should use tent fumigation instead of fumigation. The fumigation should not be fumigation on rainy days. When the seed moisture content is too high, fumigation will reduce the seed germination rate. According to the selected medicine and application method, prepare the equipment, safety protection equipment and materials. Sorting seed heaps and fumigants, and fumigation of the entire bulk of the bulk seeds must be used to flatten the seed surface, leaving a good aisle for accessibility and safety. Packed seeds are fumigated and must be stacked securely. Stacks of wood must be placed between the stacks. The entrances and exits must be trapezoidal in order to allow safe walking. Corrosive articles such as exposed metal appliances and instruments in the store must be removed, removed or exposed. Sealed with oil or plastic film. The pesticide application personnel should be divided into organizations, clear responsibilities, and should be drilled once when necessary. 2.2 The application of fumigation from top to bottom, from the inside out in order, after the completion of the application, to accurately count the number of evacuated personnel, closed the door promptly closed the door. At the same time, the staff will always wear gas masks to operate. 2.3 Treatment after fumigation After 5 to 7 days of application of the seal, ventilate and diffuse the air. Open the doors and windows from the outside of the warehouse, open the upper floor first, then open the lower floor, open the downwind direction, and then open the windward direction. After 72 hours of complete air release, normal management of the warehouse was performed. After the gas is dispersed, the remaining residue of the fumigant should be digged and buried deep away from the water source. 3 Specific methods of fumigation 3.1 Seed application According to the regulations for each application of total tablets 3 to 6 tablets/m3 and powder 2 to 4 g/m3, the total application amount shall be calculated as the application point, Uniformly set the points, each point evenly spread the drug in non-flammable vessels (such as enamel, porcelain plates, etc.), the tablets are not allowed to overlap and the thickness of the powder is not allowed to exceed 0.5 cm. Closed storage after application, after the end of deflation fumigation, timely removal of residue. 3.2 The bag is buried deep into the bag according to the application amount of each point. Each bag contains no more than 5 tablets and the powder does not exceed 25g. The medicine is buried from the inside out into the seed pile with the medicine thrower. Each medicine packet should be tied with a string, and one end of the medicine packet is outside the seeding surface. After fumigation and deflation, press the string sign to take out the medicine packet. In addition, if the seed heap is more than 3m, the combination of seed application and burial application can be used. 3.3 Tabular fumigation When using plastic film or PVC tarpaulin as the curtain for fumigation with aluminum phosphide, it is required that the water droplets formed in the curtain cannot fall on the medicament. 3.4 Low-dose application method The low-dose fumigation is mainly applied to the tightly sealed seed piles of plastic film or PVC tarpaulin. The dosage is less than that of conventional application methods. It is generally 2~3g/m3 of aluminum phosphide, and the minimum must not be low. At 1.5g/m3, the following methods are available for specific methods. 1 Sustained release fumigation, that is, a fumigation method that allows fumigants to slowly and slowly release toxic gases through physical or chemical means. 2 Intermittent fumigation, that is, when fumigation with aluminum phosphide, 2 or 3 fumigation treatments are performed on the confined seed piles, each time about 7 days apart. 3 Double-low fumigation, which is a combination of low oxygen (or high carbon dioxide) and low dose, is a method that uses low oxygen and high carbon dioxide to promote the respiration of pests, thereby designing a synergistic effect on phosphine insecticides. of.

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