Key points of white radish cultivation techniques

1. Site preparation and fertilization

Select non-polluted plots, stubble and prepare the land on the basis of applying sufficient fertilizer, and turn it 30cm deep in autumn. The stubble and multi-planted plots should be prepared immediately after the previous crop is harvested to remove residues and weeds and apply high-quality farmhouses. Fertilizer 45t / hectare, mixed with diammonium phosphate or compound fertilizer 300-450kg / hectare to make ridges with a ridge width of 55-60cm and a ridge height of 25cm.

To prevent underground pests, toxic soil was mixed with 50% phoxim EC 52.5L / ha and applied to the ditch with the base fertilizer strip. The applied organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed, otherwise it will easily damage the main roots, form the roots and affect the yield. Fly maggots are the main pests that are harmful to growth. They have the habit of rancid organic matter, so attention should be paid to production.

2. Seeding

Sowing time is from June 25 to July 5. High ridge on-demand or planer sitting on water seeds, the seeding rate is 00-75kg / ha; the plant spacing is 23cm, and the seedlings are protected by 70-75,000 plants / ha. 4-5 grains per hole, the seeds spread out in the hole, covered with 2cm soil, so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil, to prevent the phenomenon of "dry buds" caused by drought and "boring seedlings" caused by stagnant water, and to ensure that the seedlings are full and strong.

3. Field management

The seedlings grow rapidly after being unearthed, and it should take time to prevent them from being crowded, shaded, and causing lengthy growth. Seedlings should be set early, divided between seedlings, and seeded in time to ensure that the seedlings are uniform and strong. Generally thinning 2-3 times, thinning is to remove weak, malformed and pest-damaged seedlings.

3.1 Interplanting: Interplanting should not be premature, because fleshy roots are formed by hypocotyl elongation. Proper evening seedlings are conducive to hypocotyl elongation. Interlayer seedlings can be completed in 2 times. Two plants were left in each hole, and seedlings were set at 5 true leaves for the second time, and one strong seedling was left in each hole.

3.2 Cultivation: Scientific cultivating and weeding radish growth requires cultivating loose soil many times, especially in the seedling stage, where the temperature is relatively high, there is much rain, and weeds grow rapidly. Cultivated in high ridges, the soil on the ridges is easily washed away by rainwater. The long-shaped exposed radish, because the root and neck is slender and weak, is often easy to bend and lodging, and it is necessary to cultivate and expand the root at the beginning of growth. Prevents lodging that causes curved radishes to form later. In the late stage of the rosette, the leaves have been ridged, and tilling has stopped, and weeding can only be done by hand.

Cultivation loosens soil, promotes root growth and development, and deepens the main root. Deep ridges and shallow ridges are required. Deep wet, shallow dry, shallow at the beginning, deep in the middle, does not hurt the main root.

3.3 Water and fertilizer management.

Reasonable watering: Watering is mainly determined according to the characteristics of radish growth, the requirements for water during each growth period, and the climate and soil conditions. After sowing, if the weather is dry, it should be watered once, and once again at the beginning of emergence, to keep the ground moist, ensure the emergence of tidy, and reduce the incidence of viral diseases. If it is rainy, drain the water in time to prevent dead seedlings.

In the belly-breaking period, water-controlled squatting, watering of fleshy roots, and maintaining water holding capacity of about 60% in the field. When the base fertilizer is insufficient, combined with watering and topdressing, topdressing urea and potassium sulfate 150-225kg / ha, dazzling 10cm away It can also be sprayed with 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other foliar fertilizers, and the yield increase effect is obvious.

3.4 Scientific topdressing

Autumn radish is a large and medium radish variety with a long growing period. On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer before sowing, topdressing should be properly applied, especially for plots with low soil fertility and insufficient base fertilizer, topdressing can obviously increase yield. Fertilization should be applied with nitrogen fertilizer or clear water. After the radish has "broken belly", it enters the leaf growth stage, that is, the rosette stage. In order to promote the expansion of the leaf area, it is advisable to apply a fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer; to enter the fleshy root expansion stage, top-up compound fertilizer is applied. Helps swell fleshy roots. 20 days before harvest, once a week, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed twice for foliar topdressing, which has a good effect on improving yield and quality of succulent roots.

4. Pest control

Pest Control. Field management should pay attention to the comprehensive control of white radish diseases. The main diseases are mosaic disease, virus disease, soft rot and black heart disease. The pests that damage white radish mainly include aphids and cabbage worms. The key to preventing and controlling diseases lies in strengthening cultivation management, making plants strong, strengthening disease resistance, and carrying out comprehensive control in combination with drug control. Give priority to the use of integrated agricultural control technology, combining biological control with physical control, scientific and rational application of chemical control methods, minimization of pesticide use and residues, and production of pollution-free products that meet national standards.

4.1 Agricultural control: disease-resistant varieties should be selected according to local conditions or integrated cultivation measures should be used to prevent diseases and reduce the use of pesticides; crop rotation and replacement of crops should be carried out to remove diseased plant residues in the field and deepen the ground to reduce the number of disease and insect pests; , Irrigation with clean water.

4.2 Physical control: Set up insect control nets, use black light lamps to trap and kill adults, use silver ash film to avoid aphids, and do good seed disinfection treatment to prevent virus diseases.

4.3 Biological control: Protect natural enemies and create environmental conditions conducive to the survival of natural enemies. Use biological agents that do not harm natural enemies or pesticides with low lethality, such as pesticides such as imidacloprid, avermectin, and Sullibacillus.

4.4 Chemical prevention and control: Promote the use of high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides, and prohibit the use of high-toxicity and high-residue pesticides. When using pharmaceuticals, strictly follow the safety standards promulgated by the state to ensure the production of pollution-free agricultural products.

When harvested and processed white radishes reach the * limit, the yield is *, and the quality is also *. Harvest usually begins in early September. Before processing, cut the radish to the root of the leaf, wash it with water, and change the water frequently to process the white radish strips. The processing tools are generally designed by themselves. "Five knives" are processed into 1cm square strips; "One knife" is processed into triangular strips into 4 large pieces, and thicker radishes are processed into 6-8 pieces. The triangular strips are not easy to be too thin , Processed strictly according to requirements. The processed radish strips are hung in a ventilated place to dry. * Arranged in a row of Datian, divided into three layers, upper, middle and lower. When the yard is drying, it should be elevated. It can be removed from the shelf when it is dry, and it is bundled into 0.5kg / bundle separately. It is required to be neatly bundled and stored in a ventilated place for sale.

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