At present, a large number of cultivated edible fungi such as oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, enoki mushroom, hedgehog mushroom, edible fungus, white fungus and Agaricus bisporus, can be roughly divided into the mycelium stage and fruiting body stage or two growth stages. The conditions required by each mushroom in these two phases are the same and there are differences. This is determined by their biological characteristics. If they can create the good conditions they need, they can achieve high yields and high quality. 1. Nutrients, mainly carbon, nitrogen, and mineral elements 1.1 Carbon nutrients are the main constituents of mycelia and fruit bodies, and they are the source of energy for their growth and development. Carbonaceous material accounts for approximately 5o%-65% of the components of the mushroom (dry matter). The culture medium used in cotton husk, sawdust and other media is the main source of carbon. 1.2 Nitrogen nutrients are the main raw materials for proteins and nucleic acids. It is also the main component of mycelium and fruit bodies, and it is also the material basis for the delicious and delicious edible fungi, especially rich in amino acids (as many as 18 species), and no nitrogen can be formed. Carbon and nitrogen nutrients not only need a sufficient quantity for the normal development of edible fungi, but also require a reasonable ratio of carbon and nitrogen. This proportion of various mushrooms, mycelium growth stage to 20:1, fruiting body development stage 30-40:1 is appropriate. Production of different types of Chinese culture materials, sometimes wheat bran, corn flour, soybean meal, plus ammonium nitrate, urea, etc., adjust the carbon-to- ammonia ratio. No matter what the mushroom is, even if it is not according to the original formulation materials, any change, lack of this less, it is difficult to obtain high yield and quality. 1.3 Mineral elements The normal growth of edible fungi also requires calcium, magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and other mineral elements and trace elements. Although these substances do not need a large amount, they are all important. Generally, the content in the main materials can meet the needs. Sometimes added are magnesium sulfate, grass charcoal (potassium) and chicken manure (phosphorus). 2. Moisture and Humidity Water is one of the main components of mycelium and fruit bodies, and more importantly, the metabolism of life activities is impossible without water. Fresh mushrooms contain up to 85% to 90% water. The water in the medium is the main source of water needed for the growth and development of edible fungi, but too much water is not beneficial. Suitable moisture content is 65%-75%. With the material to suck enough water to use the fingers to sew the water without dropping drops. Take cottonseed husk as an example, the weight ratio of material to water is approximately 1:1.2-1.5. Adding too much will hinder the growth of mycelium. Humidity refers to the relative humidity of air, which is not only directly related to the growth and development of edible fungi, but also affects the distribution of water within the material, especially during the development of fruit bodies, if the humidity is insufficient, the production will be reduced, if less than 60% of the fruiting body Without growth, less than 45% of the original primordium ceased to differentiate, and even died already had a primordium. The suitable air humidity is 85%-93% (fruiting body growth period). Adding water by spraying during the cultivation process is an essential measure to increase the relative humidity of the air. Especially in the later period, adding water or soaking the medium to the medium can increase the yield accordingly. 3. Humidity All kinds of mushrooms need to be able to grow and develop normally under certain temperature conditions. The temperature requirements of mycelia and fruiting bodies are different during growth and development, and some also “like†variable temperature conditions. For example, if the pleurotus ostreatus can give 10°C temperature difference stimulation every day, it is beneficial to the formation and development of fruit bodies. As for the more cultivated mushrooms listed above, the suitable temperature for the growth of mycelia is approximately 25°C (agar 30°C), and the optimum temperature for fruit body development is generally around 15°C (agar ear °C). It develops well at 35°C and the fruit body develops well at 30-32°C. Temperature is an important factor that affects the growth and development of edible fungi. Currently, production is mostly cultivated in natural seasons, and production is mainly based on natural temperature conditions (artificial air-conditioning is also mainly to create temperature conditions). With the advancement of science and technology, we are now improving the varieties of edible fungi and changing their temperature characteristics is one of the main goals. For example, Pleurotus ostreatus and shiitake mushrooms have been cultivated in the lower, medium-temperature, high-temperature types, and even the temperature range where the temperature limit is not strict. . Therefore, according to the temperature conditions during the cultivation period, the corresponding varieties can be selected and the cultivation period can be extended. 4. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Various edible fungi have poor growth of oxygen-deficient mycelium and are not good for the entity. Because the edible fungus itself emits carbon dioxide during its growth and development, the cultivation place must be ventilated and ventilated. 5. The requirements of light for light mushrooms are not strong, and mycelium can grow under dark conditions. The fruiting body needs a certain amount of scattered light when it differentiates and grows. Avoid direct light. Completely dark, the fruit body is stunted and slow. Light can increase its color, no light color. Illumination is also related to temperature. Northern greenhouses use greenhouses to grow sunlight, but we must take care to prevent the temperature from being too high. The light is too strong. 6. Acid and alkalinity Edible fungus is more like a slightly acidic environment, the general ph value does not exceed 7 (neutral), about between 5.5-6.5, but Pleurotus ostreatus more alkali-resistant, PH value of 8 can also be grown. The Hericium erinaceus is resistant to acids, and can also be grown at ph5. During the cultivation process, sugar and other substances that become acidic will be added, and the high-temperature sterilization process will also make the medium acidic. It should also pay attention to the local water quality, ie its ph value. In the ingredients should pay attention to create a suitable pH environment, some add lime or add ammonium nitrate and other acidic fertilizers, one to increase calcium, nitrogen, two can adjust the ph value of culture materials. To prevent over-acid or over-alkali, add a certain amount of gypsum, which can act as a buffer.