(-) Cultivated Value Alias ​​milk berry. The fruit is soft and sweet, has a specific flavor, is rich in fructose and glucose that is easily absorbed by the body, has a high content of carotene and vitamin C, and contains a variety of digestive enzymes, which can help digestion, and is a very good fruit for health care. . At the same time, Chinese medicine practitioners believe that figs are sweet, flat and have many effects such as appetizers, intestines, anti-inflammatory, detoxification, prolactin, anti-spasm, and dysentery. There are many folk remedies, often using branches, leaves, roots, and fruits as medicine. In recent years, after experiments on mice, figs also have a certain anti-cancer effect. Ripe figs are not resistant to storage and transportation, but can be processed into candied fruit, jams, dried fruit, canned sugar and many other products. Fig is easy to reproduce, simple to manage, results early and less pests and diseases, clean branches and leaves, have strong adsorption and resistance to sulfur dioxide and other toxic gases, can eliminate pollution, purify the air, the roots resistant to heavier salt and alkali (generally up to 0.3 %~0.4%). Therefore, it is very promising to develop fig production in the area behind the house, in the vicinity of factories and mines, and especially in the area along the beach. (B) The main types and varieties of figs belong to the genus of the genus of the genus Moraceae, which is the only species of fig (Ficu Scarica) cultivated in fruit trees. According to whether it is normally fruitful or not, it needs to be pollinated and the type of flower can be divided into 4 groups or varieties. Most cultivars belong to the group of common figs. In the hidden inflorescence there are only female flowers, and they do not need to be pollinated to be parthenocarpic. According to the mature fruit harvest period can be divided into autumn fruit-specific, Xiaguo-specific type and Xiaqiu fruit and three types. The varieties currently planted in China are basically derived from Europe, the United States, and Japan. Some of them have forgotten their original names and have taken different names. The cultivars in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River include Branswick, Brown Turkey, California Black, Penglai Persimmon, Masi Yi Taufen, Albania No. 1, Shin Yang 88, and Green Resistance No. 1 and many others. In North China, the winter temperature is relatively low and figs are susceptible to freezing. (c) Growth results Habits are subtropical deciduous shrubs or small trees. Longevity can also grow into large trees under suitable conditions. Figs are well-developed, drought-resistant, salt-tolerant and aerobic. Branches grow fast, with few branches, and only a few shoots each year extend upwards and outwards. With the exception of a few knots on the shoot, most of the shoots can form two to three buds, and one of them is a flower bud. After entering the result period, almost all new shoots in the canopy can become the result branches except for the long branches. Therefore, the results can be started within 2 to 3 years after planting, and the fruit period can be entered within 7 to 10 years. Flower buds further differentiate and develop, and they become unique inflorescences. The inflorescences are saclike and have a small hole at the top, which is hidden by the surrounding scales. Thousands of small flowers are arranged on the inner wall of the inflorescence tray, forming an invisible inflorescence, so the appearance only looks like fruit but not flowers. Florets can be parthenogenetic without pollination. The edible portion is actually a poly fruit formed by the inflorescence and most of the small fruits wrapped in the inflorescence tray. The fruit development period is 50 to 60 days. The fruits in the middle and lower parts of the new shoot matured in the Yangtze River valley in the autumn and were called Qiuguo. The newly developed fruits on the shoots, which were later developed, were less mature than those on the new shoots. The buds at the tip of the new shoot differentiate at the end of the fall and are covered with scales. They can safely survive in winter and warm winter, and continue to differentiate and develop in the spring and winter. The normally mature summer fruit is generally of good quality. The varieties are different types depending on their ability to form summer fruits and autumn fruits. (D) Cultivation techniques 1. The propagation and planting of fig branches are very easy to take root, and root shoots are also prone to occur, and methods such as cuttings, layering, and ramets when reproducing seedlings can be applied. The production of a large number of propagation of seedlings using cuttings method, the survival rate is extremely high. The use of hardwood cuttings in the Yangtze River Basin was carried out in mid-to late March. Any branch with short internodes and thick branches ranging from 1 cm to 1.5 cm can be used as a cutting, with 2 to 3 buds per cutting. Specific operating techniques can refer to grapes. Insects should not be contaminated in order to prevent the spread of nematodes. Such as the use of plastic greenhouses in the winter to carry out nutrition bag nursery, seedlings can be earlier. When constructing a garden, select suitable varieties according to different requirements and site conditions. For the yellow varieties that can be used for canning processing, cold-resistant varieties should be selected in places where winter temperatures are low (15 degrees below zero), anti-salt varieties should be selected in the tidal flats, and large-fruit varieties should be selected for fresh fruit should be used. Garden bogey continuous work. The planting distance is generally 3m to 4m, and the crowns of areas with good soil or warm climate can be expanded to 5m to 7m. Planting time The Yangtze River basin can be planted in autumn or spring. Autumn plants should be earlier, and spring plants should be in the middle or late March. Appropriate autumn plants along the beach, Yichun planted in Huaibei area. 2. Plastic pruning and fertilizer management In general, the branches of the fig crown are not dense, suitable for the cultivation of a tree with a central stem without a layered or multi-branched natural shape, can also be directly branched from the ground to form bush-like shrubs . During plastic surgery, the seedlings are dried at a height of 40 cm to 50 cm, and then the whole tree retains 4 to 6 main branches, and the center has or may not be dry. Each main branch maintains a certain spacing. The main branch is cut 40 centimeters to 60 centimeters annually, and 2 to 3 secondary main branches are arranged at appropriate intervals to expand the resulting surface. (D) Cultivation techniques 1. The propagation and planting of fig branches are very easy to take root, and root shoots are also prone to occur, and methods such as cuttings, layering, and ramets when reproducing seedlings can be applied. The production of a large number of propagation of seedlings using cuttings method, the survival rate is extremely high. The use of hardwood cuttings in the Yangtze River Basin was carried out in mid-to late March. Any branch with short internodes and thick branches ranging from 1 cm to 1.5 cm can be used as a cutting, with 2 to 3 buds per cutting. Specific operating techniques can refer to grapes. Insects should not be contaminated in order to prevent the spread of nematodes. Such as the use of plastic greenhouses in the winter to carry out nutrition bag nursery, seedlings can be earlier. When constructing a garden, select suitable varieties according to different requirements and site conditions. For the yellow varieties that can be used for canning processing, cold-resistant varieties should be selected in places where winter temperatures are low (15 degrees below zero), anti-salt varieties should be selected in the tidal flats, and large-fruit varieties should be selected for fresh fruit should be used. Garden bogey continuous work. The planting distance is generally 3m to 4m, and the crowns of areas with good soil or warm climate can be expanded to 5m to 7m. Planting time The Yangtze River basin can be planted in autumn or spring. Autumn plants should be earlier, and spring plants should be in the middle or late March. Appropriate autumn plants along the beach, Yichun planted in Huaibei area. 2. Plastic pruning and fertilizer management In general, the branches of the fig crown are not dense, suitable for the cultivation of a tree with a central stem without a layered or multi-branched natural shape, can also be directly branched from the ground to form bush-like shrubs . During plastic surgery, the seedlings are dried at a height of 40 cm to 50 cm, and then the whole tree retains 4 to 6 main branches, and the center has or may not be dry. Each main branch maintains a certain spacing. The main branch is cut 40 centimeters to 60 centimeters annually, and 2 to 3 secondary main branches are arranged at appropriate intervals to expand the resulting surface. After the completion of the tree shape, only the unused long branches, dense branches, drooping branches, and dry branches will be eliminated every year. For autumn-based varieties, the resulting parts are mostly in the middle and lower parts of the new shoots of the year, and the shoots can be moderately short. The flower buds of the summer fruit varieties are mostly born on the top of the branches, and the winter should not be short and robust, so as not to affect the yield. For fig trees with few branches or year-to-year shifts of the resulting parts, winter can be appropriately shortened to promote new shoots. Some branches can retain 2 to 3 leaf buds at the base. The branches of figs are loose, and the incisions heal slowly. After the winter shear, the branches under the scissors are often dried, which affects the growth of the cut-out buds. Therefore, where the large saw cuts should be coated with wax or other protective agent, twigs can be appropriately increased short cuts. Fig base fertilizer is applied before and after defoliation combined with winter plowing. The top dressing is preferably applied before the rapid growth of shoots and during the rapid expansion of the receptacles. Figs do not require strict water requirements and should be drained during rainy seasons. In the typhoon season, it is best to establish pillar protection in the coastal areas. 3. Over-winter protective figs like warm and slightly dry climate, low cold resistance, cold temperate regions often easy to be frozen when the branches are cultivated, especially the young trees below 5 years old, when the winter encounters 16 degrees - 18 degrees low temperature, there is The risk of whole plant freezing to death. During the winter in Huaibei area, it is advisable to freeze soil at the base of the trunk, about 35 cm in height, and remove the soil after thawing in the spring. For large branches can be wrapped grass protection over winter. As the tree age increases, the ability to overwinter gradually increases. Once the plants are frozen, the frozen shoots should be cut off in time and the new shoots should be replaced after sprouting. Even if all the aboveground parts are frozen to death, the next spring is still able to sprout powerful branches from the roots and necks of the soil to form a new canopy. (e) Major pests and diseases and fewer pests and diseases that prevent and control figs. Common causes of greater harm, there are Mulberry, root knot nematodes and fruit anthrax. Sang Tianniu's prevention can refer to the apple part and use poison sticks to block it. The prevention and control of root-knot nematodes is mainly to avoid the old garden continuous cropping and quarantine and disinfection of seedlings, and to disinfect the soil when conditions permit. For the fruit anthracnose, the 200-fold lime-fold Bordeaux mixture or 75% chlorothalonil 600-800-fold solution should be sprayed before and during the onset of fruit in summer and autumn. The safety interval of the latter application (the last application distance) The number of days harvested) 7 to 14 days. . (6) The fig ripening period is longer for harvesting, storage and processing. Fruits mature gradually in summer and autumn and should be harvested in batches. Fully ripened fruit, the top hole is slightly open, the outer skin has obvious lines, and the flavor is the best, but it is not resistant to storage and transportation. The fruits of the market's fresh sales should be harvested in advance. Fig pulp juice, long-term exposure can cause skin inflammation, often need to wear silicone gloves when operating fruit. Mature figs are extremely perishable and odoriferous. Red varieties are susceptible to discoloration. Even short-term storage requires low temperatures of around 0°C and relative humidity of 85% to 90%. ~ General should be treated with harvest, do not store for a long time. For short-term storage, the fruit can be macerated with SM preservative, removed by drying, and then placed in a fruit box for shipment. If you use a fruit container with a silicone window lid, the preservation effect is better. After fully ripened figs are peeled and soaked in a concentrated sugar solution for 1 to 2 days, they are taken out and dried to make a candied fig with a special flavor. It can also be made into fig jam.