Cyclamen is a bulbous flower of Cymbidium, a cyclamen flower. It is popular among people for its fancy and beautiful flowers, colorful flowers, long flowering period and winter blooming. With the increasing consumption, Cyclamen has become One of China's ten largest potted plants. However, in the cyclamen production of cyclamen, due to improper management, there are often phenomena such as dim colors, scattered flowers, serious diseases and insect pests, etc., affecting their commodity value and ornamental value. On the basis of practical experience, this article elaborates on the techniques of seedling cultivation, cultivation management, and seed production for the large-scale production of potted cyclamen, for the reference of flower producers and operators. First, sowing nursery 1. Sowing period The sowing period of cyclamen should be determined according to market demand and species characteristics. For the New Year's Day and the Spring Festival flowering market, large flower varieties generally sown in September-November, 13-15 months after sowing flowering; small flower varieties sown in January, 10-12 months after sowing flowering. Sowing too early is not conducive to germination due to high temperatures, too late to slow development due to low temperatures, and cannot be flowered at scheduled holidays. 2. Seed selection and processing Cyclamen is an indeterminate seed, with good maturity, full grain, reddish-brown color, which is a sign of good seed. Black or yellowish color is a seed that is over-ripe or poorly ripened. Tests have shown that there is no significant difference in the germination rate of large-grained seeds and small-grained seeds, but large-grained seeds are preferred for subsequent growth. Therefore, in large-scale production, in order to obtain uniform seedlings, seeds should be sized first and then sown separately. Pregerminated seeds should be germinated and disinfected. The specific method is: Soak the seed for 24 hours at room temperature. Soak the seed and then soak for another half an hour with 800 times carbendazim or 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, and then Remove the seeds, wash them again and spread them on paper to dry. 3. The seeding sowing container adopts the sowing tray. The sowing earth can use the formula of peat, vermiculite and cow dung. The prepared sowing soil was treated with 0.1% potassium permanganate for 48 hours prior to use for disinfecting. When seeding, the seeding soil is first filled with the seeding disc, and then the bottom of the same other seeding disc is pressed on it. Then a recess appears in each seeding hole on the seeding disc below, and the treated seed is sown in the recessed In the trough, cover about 0.5 cm thick vermiculite, soak the water upwards from the bottom of the sowing tray, cover it with a light-proof black plastic film or kraft paper, and put it in a dark place to germinate. The temperature during germination should be controlled at 18-22°C. 4. Seedling management after sowing 20-30 days after sowing, the seeds begin to unearth. At this time, the covered black plastic film or kraft paper should be removed, and the sowing disk should be placed under strong scattered light. When the seeding soil is dry, soak it from the bottom of the sowing tray and do not use a watering can to water from the top so as not to cause the seedlings to rot and die. Spray liquid fertilizer every 5-7 days. Second, the growth period, flowering period, dormancy management 1. Transplanting and changing pots When the seedlings grow to 2 true leaves, transplant them from the sowing tray to the plastic pot, when the true leaves grow to 6 or so , Then move it into a flower pot. The soil formula used for transplanting is peat, pine needles or vermiculite or perlite, and the proportion of cow dung is equal. About 3 grams of compound fertilizer is added per kg of culture soil, which contains the same amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Pellets were well-matched, sun-dried for 3 days under strong light, sprayed with 0.1% potassium permanganate, and then stacked for 2 days to achieve the purpose of disinfection. When transplanting and changing pots, the seedlings and the original soil shall be picked up together. The original soil shall not be shaken off, otherwise it will damage the root system and reduce the survival rate of transplanting. When planting seedlings, 1/3-2/3 bulbs should be exposed on the soil surface. Do not bury the growth points in the soil so as to avoid bulb decay. After being planted, it was irrigated and placed in a greenhouse for routine management. The plastic film was used to cover the seedlings for the first 7 days to increase air humidity. 2. Watering Watering should grasp the principle of “do not do it without pouring, and pour it with water”. Do not only pour the surface of potted soil and stop it from seeing moisture. This results in water shortage in the roots of cyclamen. The surface can not be judged. When watering, do not pour water directly onto the leaves and bulbs. Inject water into the soil from the basin edge. If possible, supply water from the bottom. The water temperature should be close to room temperature. If the soil temperature is high and the water temperature is low, it will easily lead to root imbalance and physiological drought. In summer, dormant cyclamen should be watered and placed in a cool, dry place. 3. Fertilization and pest control In order to improve efficiency, reduce labor, usually combined with fertilization and pest control, spray 3% liquid fertilizer and 500-1000 times fungicides and pesticides, liquid fertilizer and sterilization kill every 7-10 days. The types of insecticides can be used in conjunction with each other, and the application of fertilization in the dormancy period in summer should be controlled. The most common diseases of Cyclamen are soft rot and gray mold. Improper watering methods or long-term accumulation of water in pots can easily lead to soft rot. Hyperhumidity in the greenhouse is too high and poor ventilation often occurs with gray mold. Therefore, disease prevention is not just a regular spray of fungicide, but also pay attention to correct watering and strengthen ventilation. Once a disease occurs, comprehensive diagnosis and treatment should be conducted according to the cause. Observe more observations at ordinary times, and control the condition in the lighter case and the smallest range. If pests and diseases occur in large areas, even if measures are taken, they will often cause serious economic losses. 4. Environmental control Cyclamen cultivation of flowers in the greenhouse, potted plant production in the growth of poor, plant scattered, serious pests and other phenomena are often due to inappropriate environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, light) caused by, so control and management The environmental conditions of a good greenhouse are the key to ensuring the economic benefits of Cyclamen flower production. (1) Temperature. Temperature has a great influence on the growth of cyclamen, and to a certain extent determines the stages of dormancy, growth and flowering. Cyclamen can grow normally at the temperature of 12-28°C. When the temperature is lower than 12°C, it shows slow growth and it is difficult to flower. When the temperature is higher than 28°C, the vast majority of cyclamen show The leaves turn yellow and fall into a dormant state. (2) Humidity and ventilation. The cyclamen does not tolerate dryness. When the relative humidity of the air is greater than 80%, it is easy to incur the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the long-term exposure of Cyclamen to a high-humidity environment. Especially in the high temperature conditions in summer, we must also prevent high humidity. In the winter, we must pay attention to strengthening the ventilation to reduce the air humidity, but the ventilation time should not be too long to avoid the temperature being too low. (3) Light. Strong direct light or weak light is not conducive to the growth of cyclamen, so in the hot summer, the wet room ceiling to take a shade net, in the winter flowering period to ensure adequate light, light is too weak, scattered plants, petiole long Lay it so that it loses its ornamental value. Cyclamen is a day-neutral plant. Flowering has no special requirements on the photoperiod, but a longer period of light is beneficial to the growth and flowering of cyclamen.