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Cowhouse temperature Cows are cold and heat resistant, but cold has a certain limit. The most suitable temperature for dairy cows is 12°C-14°C. The most suitable temperature for pregnant cows and lactating dairy cows is 16°C-20°C. When the cowhouse temperature of lactating dairy cows is higher than 24°C or lower than -4°C, the milk yield decreases. The optimum temperature for calves is 35°C-38°C. Drinking Temperature Temperature of lactating cows Drinking water: Cows drinking cold water can consume body heat and affect milk production. If drinking water below 8 °C, the milk production is significantly reduced. During the winter and spring seasons, cows should maintain a drinking temperature of 9°C-15°C, and cows drinking 0°C-2°C can produce 0.57 liters of milk per day. Yak drinking temperature: calf body temperature is higher than adult cattle, so drinking water temperature should be higher than that of adult cattle, general drinking water to 35 °C -38 °C is appropriate. Calf milk temperature: When calf is artificially breast-feeding, colostrum or regular milk should be fed and cooled to 35°C-37°C after heating and sterilizing. The temperature should be maintained at 18°C-20°C. Swab the temperature of the breast water Before the milking of the cows, the dry towels should be wetted with warm water of 45°C-50°C, and the breasts and nipples should be thoroughly scrubbed and massaged on the breasts. Do not scrub the nipples with hot or cold water, otherwise the cows will feel uncomfortable and reduce milk production. Semen storage temperature of sperm is not afraid of cold, 54.5 °C can make sperm inactivation. In the past, semen used for artificial insemination was mostly stored at room temperature or generally cryopreserved, and its storage time was very short, thus greatly limiting the superiority of artificial insemination. In the 1960s, liquid nitrogen was used, and the temperature was -196°C, which could keep semen from deteriorating for years. Its conception rate is similar to that of fresh semen. Preheating temperature of bovine frozen semen When artificial insemination of cattle, the temperature requirement is very strict. Frozen semen needs to be hydrolyzed with warm water. The temperature of water should be accurately controlled at 41°C—50°C, and the temperature difference is not greater than 10°C to ensure the thawed sperm. Vitality is not affected. In experiments with yellow cattle, thawing of frozen semen at a temperature of 41°C is thawing at a temperature of 38°C, which can increase the rate of female birthing by 33.3%.