Millets are a group of highly variable small-seeded grasses,
widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and
human food. Millets are important crops in the semiarid tropics of Asia
and Africa (especially in India, Mali, Nigeria, and Niger), with 97% of
millet production in developing countries. The crop is favored due to
its productivity and short growing season under dry, high-temperature
conditions. In a 100 gram serving, raw millet provides 378 calories and
is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of protein,
dietary fiber, several B vitamins and numerous dietary minerals,
especially manganese at 76% DV (USDA nutrient table). Raw millet is 9%
water, 73% carbohydrates, 4% fat and 11% protein. Yellow Millet,Hulled Yellow Millet,Yellow Organic Millet Seed,Organic Hulled Yellow Millet Ningxia Toyo Trade Co.,Ltd , http://www.toyogoji.com
Sea urchin artificial seedling technology Chang Yaqing Editor's note: Sea urchin is a relatively common type of invertebrate in the ocean, its shell has a lot of moving spines, the shape of a hedgehog, it is called "sea locust." Sea urchin is an economic marine organism with high food value, medicinal value, and research value. The gonads of some species are extremely delicious and nutritious. Due to the high content of methionine in the protein, the umami taste is unique, and it is considered to be a delicious seafood in many coastal countries or regions such as Japan, China, the Malay Peninsula, Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and South America. Especially in Japan, the sea urchin's gonads and their processed products are regarded as one of the most valuable and delicious high-end seafood products. The market price is very high and the consumption is also very large. Although Japan has nearly 20,000 tons of production each year, Still can not meet the needs of the consumer market, but also import thousands of tons. Because sea urchin has broad application prospects and good economic value, its research and development has been increasingly valued by some fishery economically developed countries. Today, Japan's sea urchin seed production and resource reproduction has become one of the important industries for its “cultivation fisheryâ€. The number of research and production units engaged in the cultivation and production of sea urchin seedlings in the country has reached as many as several hundred, and the seedling year The amount of discharge can reach more than 30 million pieces in Hokkaido alone. Affected by the international market, the export price of sea urchins in China has increased by nearly 10 times in 10 years, which has led to an increase in its collection volume and an ever-decreasing amount of resources. Since the introduction of E. japonicus, the artificial breeding and aquaculture of sea urchin has developed rapidly. Now it has become a new industry in the aquaculture of northern China’s coastal areas. With the further development of sea urchin breeding and aquaculture, sea urchin will surely make new and greater contributions to people's production and life. The newspaper will publish sea urchin culture technology in stages from this issue in order to draw lessons from readers. 1. Nursery facilities and equipment of sea urchins The artificial breeding of sea urchins refers to obtaining fertilized eggs under artificial conditions by promoting and urging production. After hatching, selection, breeding of planktonic larvae, and cultivation of juvenile sea urchins, it can be used for breeding. The process of sea urchin seedlings. The entire artificial breeding process of sea urchin consists of two main parts: planktonic larval rearing and juvenile sea urchin cultivation. At present, there are few special sea urchin nursery rooms in the country. The artificial breeding of sea urchins mostly uses the cultivation facilities and water treatment systems of ordinary shellfish nursery or nursery. The use of existing shellfish nursery rooms to carry out artificial sea urchin seedlings, especially the use of shellfish seedlings off-season for sea urchin artificial seedlings, for the development of our country's high quality seafood seedling production, increase the utilization index of the existing nursery facilities, increase the company's economy The benefits are extremely beneficial. The nursery room for sea urchin should have the following basic conditions. 1. Water supply system for nursery The sea urchin water treatment system is similar to the water treatment system for shellfish nursery. It mainly includes the intake pipe system, water pump, sedimentation tank, water filtration system and drainage channel. The selection of influent waters is an important aspect of ensuring water quality conditions. The drain should be far away from the inlet and below the tide to prevent self contamination. 2. The planktonic larval rearing pool is used for culturing planktonic larvae of sea urchins. It is convenient and practical to use a rectangular nursery pond with a depth of 1 m to 1.5 m and a volume of ten to several tens of cubic meters in the operation and management. At present, domestic large-scale or medium-sized shellfish nursery ponds or nursery sinks can also be used. 3. The juvenile sea urchin culture pond is used for the cultivation of juvenile sea urchins, and the long and shallow ponds are more convenient to operate and manage. At present, most of the domestic and foreign juvenile sea urchin culture stages use long strip cultivation ponds (or cultivating sinks) similar to those of the Baoyu seedling ponds. . In China, there are roughly two types of seedling nursery ponds: single-row breeding ponds and double-row breeding ponds, of which the single-row breeding ponds are 1.3 meters wide, 0.5 meters to 0.7 meters deep, and most are 3 meters to 10 meters in length (or Longer), leaving channels on both sides of each pool, this type of pool operation management is more convenient; dual-row cultivation pond pool width of 0.9 meters, depth and length are basically similar to the previous species, each two pools side by side into a group, each There are channels on both sides of the pool (ie, there are channels on each side of the pool). Although the operation and management of this type of cultivation pond is not as convenient as the former one, the effective utilization of the building area of ​​the nursery room is better than The former pool is slightly higher. Some foreign countries have built sea urchin nursery ponds with double bottoms, with a spacing of 10 cm to 20 cm between the two floors. Among them, the upper floor is sieve type, and there is a layer of small gravel with a thickness of about 5 cm to 10 cm. The pool is easy to change water, and the water exchange is good. Moreover, the gravel at the bottom of the pool can also be used as an attachment base for some sea urchin planktonic larvae. It not only increases the cultivation area, but also has better cultivation effect than the general cultivation pond. In order to make full use of the nursery room construction area, a three-dimensional juvenile sea urchin cultivation pond can be constructed. Such cultivation ponds are generally small, with a length of no more than 2 meters, a width of generally less than 0.7 meters, and a height of 0.3 meters to 0.4 meters. Between the two pools are generally more than 0.2 meters apart. The number of layers is generally determined based on the water supply conditions, the height and spacing of the pool, and whether it is beneficial to the operation, and is generally 2 to 3 floors. If the first pool is a ground tank, then the layer can also be added to a layer of 4 to 5 layers. Some nursery workshops have built steps on both sides of the aisle to facilitate feeding and clearing. In addition to the effective use of the building area of ​​the cultivation room, the three-dimensional cultivation pool has the advantage of mutual shading, which is very suitable for the cultivation of juvenile sea urchins. There is a water pipe between the two floors so that the upper water overflows to the lower floor. When the water flows down to the lower pool, it can increase or decrease oxygen. 4. Level 1 bait species preservation room, bait culturing room and bait culture pool level 1 bait species preservation room require indoor lighting, heat preservation, and good ventilation conditions. There are several conical flasks, two-layer or three-layer brackets for indoor cultivation of bait. And filtration, disinfection equipment and so on. The bait culture room generally uses a glass fiber reinforced plastic roof with good transparency, and is equipped with a light curtain that can be dimmed. The bait culture pool in the bait room is divided into two kinds of secondary bait culture ponds and tertiary bait culture ponds, and two-level bait culture ponds. It is better to use a small concrete tank or sink with a depth of 0.4 to 0.6 meters and a volume of 0.5 to 1 cubic meter. A three-tiered bait culture tank uses a medium to small pond with a depth of 0.5 to 0.8 meters and a volume of 3 to 5 cubic meters. it is good. In order to enhance the light required for the growth of the algae under the bait, the inner wall of the bait pool is preferably coated with a white waterproof coating, and the bait-feeding chamber and the bait-cultivation pool of the shellfish nursery room in our country basically meet the above requirements. (China Ocean News)