Symptoms are often slightly shorter than healthy plants. The small flowers and spikelets on the diseased ear were destroyed and turned into a mass of black powder. The outside was covered with a layer of silver-white to off-white film. Some residual awns, the membrane is hard, the wind is not bad, and the spores are bound together with oils and fats. The pathogen, Ustilago hordei (Pers.) Lagerh., is a basidiomycotina fungus. Winter buns are round or oval, 5-9μm in size, brown, lighter in half color, and smooth and thornless. The temperature of winter cryptonysis germination was 20 °C, and it was lethal in 52 °C warm water for 15 minutes. The bacterium has 5 physiological races, of which C-1 and C-2 are widely distributed. The bacteria only invaded barley and naked big families, namely Yuanmai and Qingli. Transmission routes and disease conditions The disease is a seedling-invasive disease that infects once per year at the seedling stage, and is mainly transmitted by seeds. When barley is harvested and threshed each year, the shed winter spores adhere to the wheat grains and after sowing, The teliospores germinate and produce the first hyphae. The first mycelium was divided into 4 cells, and each cell had a spore bearing near the septum, and the secondary spores were generated from the spores. Microspores germinated to form hyphae, hyphae of different sexes combined to form binucleate infecting hyphae, invaded from barley germination sheath, and then entered the growing point, mycelium expanded upward with the growth of wheat seedlings. Before the heading of barley, the pathogens harmed the flower or seeds, and formed a large number of teliospores and sick ears. At this time, the humidity is suitable, and some of the spores germinate quickly. The first hyphae invade the glume and the seed coat, and it lurks in summer or winter. The control method uses 2% Riken seed dressing agent (Bayer AG, Germany) 10g mixed with 10kg of big equal seed.
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